Physics

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Individual work	-	-
Outside of classes and lectures, students study literature and e-learning materials, describe and interpret the results of practical work.

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Examination	-	10 points
50% participation and activity in classes, protocols of practical classes, 50% exam.

Intro lecture. Physics basics

Mechanical deformations. Oscillations.

Surface tension. Viscosity.

Newton's law of cooling.

Audiometry.

Ultrasound.

Introduction. Occupational safety in physics laboratories. Examples and applications of mathematics in medical physics. Physical measurements in biology and medicine. Simple planning of the course of a physical experiment in the study of physical processes. Direct and indirect measurements. Random parameters and their statistical distribution. Correlations of functions. Regression analysis. Application of IT in practical work. Practical work: Measurements.

Harmonic oscillations. Types of pendulums: mathematical, spring, physical. Oscillation characteristics. Frequency spectrum of complex oscillations. Forced oscillations and resonance. Periodic processes in the human body. Practical work: Oscillations.

Elastic strength and deformations. Hooke's law. Mechanical stress. Hardness, ductility, ductility and brittleness. Mechanical properties of biological tissues (e.g. bones, blood vessels, teeth, etc.). Rotational motion of a rigid body. Levers and connections in the human support and locomotion apparatus. Balance of the human body and the vestibular apparatus. Human mechanical work and power. Ergometry. Practical work: Elasticity.

Spontaneous and induced radiation of light sources. Laser construction and principle of operation. Properties of light waves – interference and diffraction. Applications of laser radiation in medicine. Photobiological processes. Practical work: Laser radiation.

Magnetic field, characteristics thereof. Earth’s magnetic field, the role thereof. Magnetic properties of tissues of the human body. Electromagnetic field and its effect on the human body. Practical work: Study of the Earth’s magnetic field.

Ray (geometric) optics. Laws of propagation of light. Optical systems. The human eye. Basic principles of optical microscopy. Optical fibers and their use in medicine. Endoscopy. Polarization of light. Methods of obtaining polarized light. Optical activity of substances. Study of biological tissues in polarized light. Practical work: Refractometry/Polarimetry.

Mechanical waves. Sound and its physical characteristics. Logarithmic scales. Physical basis of clinical acoustic examination methods. Acoustic measurements and their application in medicine. Acoustic methods in medical diagnostics. Practical work: Audiometry.

Ultrasound and infrasound, its acquisition, properties and use in medicine. Shockwave. Doppler effect. Fluid flow. Physical issues of hemodynamics. Circulation patterns. Determination of blood flow rate. Cardiac work and power. Artificial blood circulation apparatus. Ultrasonography. Practical work: Determination of liquid flow rate.

Types of ionizing radiation. X-rays, its origin. Bremsstrahlung and characteristic X-rays, their spectra. Interaction of X-rays with matter. The use of X-rays in medicine. Computed tomography. Radioactivity. Law of radioactive decay. Effects of ionizing radiation on the human body. Dosimetry devices. Use of radioactive isotopes and neutrons in medicine. Particle accelerators and their use in medicine. Practical work: Ionizing radiation.

Colloquium.