Veidlapa Nr. M-3 (8)

Course Description Status: Approved

Course Description Version: 26/27.R.3.00

Description Period: 2026./27 academic year rudens semestris

Study Course Accepted: -

Study Course Description

Surgical Diseases II (Urology, General, Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery)

Main Study Course Information

Course Code
KK_046
Branch of Science
Clinical medicine; Surgery
ECTS
9.00
Target Audience
Medicine
LQF
Level 7
Study Type And Form
Full-Time

Study Course Implementer

Course Supervisor
Haralds Plaudis
Structure Unit Manager
Jānis Gardovskis
Structural Unit
Department of Surgery
Contacts

Riga, 13 Pilsonu Street, VSIA P.Stradiņa KUS, Block No 24, kk@rsu.lv, +371 67069745

About Study Course

Objective

Students will acquire knowledge of emergency and elective surgery of abdominal, thoracic, cardiac and vascular, as well as urology diseases, their nature and aetiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostics, principles of treatment and prevention, and organ transplantation.

Preliminary Knowledge

Human anatomy, basics of propaedeutics, physiology and pathology, basics of propaedeutics and surgery.

Learning Outcomes

Knowledge

1.Describe the nature, etiology and pathogenesis of urological, general surgical, thoracic, cardiovascular surgical diseases.

Individual work and tests

Clinical case in urology - part of the final examination of the study course • Self-assessment tests • Knowledge Check Self-Assessment Tests in General Surgery • Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course • Self-assessment tests in general surgery • Clinical case examples for self-assessment in general surgery • Multiple choice tests in urology • Clinical case in vascular surgery • Multiple-choice test and clinical case test in transplantation • Thoracic Surgery Multiple Choice Test • Multiple-choice test in cardiac surgery

2.Describe the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment principles and prevention of the above pathologies.

Individual work and tests

Multiple-choice test in cardiac surgery • Thoracic Surgery Multiple Choice Test • Multiple-choice test and clinical case test in transplantation • Clinical case in vascular surgery • Multiple choice tests in urology • Clinical case examples for self-assessment in general surgery • Self-assessment tests in general surgery • Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course • Knowledge Check Self-Assessment Tests in General Surgery • Self-assessment tests • Clinical case in urology - part of the final examination of the study course

3.To recognize the clinical picture of these diseases and possible complications, to list modern clinical, laboratory and instrumental methods of examination of patients, as well as methods of surgical treatment of these diseases and indications for their use.

Individual work and tests

Clinical case in urology - part of the final examination of the study course • Self-assessment tests • Knowledge Check Self-Assessment Tests in General Surgery • Self-assessment tests in general surgery • Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course • Multiple choice tests in urology • Clinical case examples for self-assessment in general surgery • Clinical case in vascular surgery • Multiple-choice test and clinical case test in transplantation • Thoracic Surgery Multiple Choice Test • Multiple-choice test in cardiac surgery

Skills

1.Examine a surgical patient using palpation, percussion, auscultation and derivatives of these methods.

2.To take the patient's complaints and history.

3.Interpret endoscopic findings of the gastrointestinal tract.

Individual work and tests

Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course

4.Interpret findings from abdominal, thoracic, cardiovascular imaging and evaluate treatment options.

Individual work and tests

Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course

5.Caring for a patient with a stoma.

6.Perform a clinical examination of an urological patient.

7.To determine the complaints of the urological patient and to collect the anamnesis.

8.Perform physical examination of the urological patient using palpation, percussion, auscultation and derivatives of these methods.

9.Perform bladder catheterization in males and females using a manikin.

10.Perform a rectal examination using a mannequin.

Competences

1.Analyze data from patient examinations.

Individual work and tests

Multiple-choice test in cardiac surgery • Self-assessment tests in general surgery • Clinical case examples for self-assessment in general surgery • Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course • Thoracic Surgery Multiple Choice Test • Multiple-choice test and clinical case test in transplantation • Clinical case in vascular surgery

2.To compile a plan of laboratory and instrumental examinations necessary for the patient.

Individual work and tests

Clinical case in vascular surgery • Clinical case examples for self-assessment in general surgery • Multiple-choice test and clinical case test in transplantation • Thoracic Surgery Multiple Choice Test • Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course • Self-assessment tests in general surgery • Multiple-choice test in cardiac surgery

3.Analyse a specific surgical clinical situation and interpret the results of laboratory and instrumental examinations.

Individual work and tests

Multiple-choice test in cardiac surgery • Self-assessment tests in general surgery • Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course • Thoracic Surgery Multiple Choice Test • Multiple-choice test and clinical case test in transplantation • Clinical case examples for self-assessment in general surgery • Clinical case in vascular surgery

4.Argue and formulate an extended surgical clinical diagnosis.

Individual work and tests

Clinical case in vascular surgery • Clinical case examples for self-assessment in general surgery • Multiple-choice test and clinical case test in transplantation • Thoracic Surgery Multiple Choice Test • Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course • Self-assessment tests in general surgery • Multiple-choice test in cardiac surgery

5.Develop a tactic of action in a specific surgical clinical situation.

Individual work and tests

Multiple-choice test in cardiac surgery • Self-assessment tests in general surgery • Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course • Thoracic Surgery Multiple Choice Test • Multiple-choice test and clinical case test in transplantation • Clinical case examples for self-assessment in general surgery • Clinical case in vascular surgery

6.Identify and justify indications for conservative and operative treatment.

Individual work and tests

Clinical case in vascular surgery • Clinical case examples for self-assessment in general surgery • Multiple-choice test and clinical case test in transplantation • Thoracic Surgery Multiple Choice Test • Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course • Self-assessment tests in general surgery • Multiple-choice test in cardiac surgery

7.Analyze data obtained from urological patient examinations.

Individual work and tests

Clinical case in urology - part of the final examination of the study course

8.To compile a plan of laboratory and instrumental examinations necessary for the urological patient.

Individual work and tests

Clinical case in urology - part of the final examination of the study course

9.To analyse a specific urological clinical situation and to interpret the results of laboratory and instrumental examinations.

Individual work and tests

Clinical case in urology - part of the final examination of the study course

10.Argue and formulate a comprehensive urological clinical diagnosis.

Individual work and tests

Clinical case in urology - part of the final examination of the study course

11.Develop a tactic of action in a specific urological clinical situation.

Individual work and tests

Clinical case in urology - part of the final examination of the study course

12.Identify and justify indications for conservative and operative treatment of urological diseases.

Individual work and tests

Clinical case in urology - part of the final examination of the study course

Assessment

Individual work

Title
% from total grade
Grade
1.

Self-assessment tests
-
-

Tests in E-studies are intended for voluntary completion before the relevant lesson, so that students can prepare for the topic of the lesson. Tests are completed and assessed in the E-studies system. To receive a successful assessment in the study course, 100% attendance is required.
2.

Knowledge Check Self-Assessment Tests in General Surgery
-
-

Each topic in E-studies is accompanied by a multiple-choice test that students can voluntarily complete before the relevant class to prepare for the class topic. Tests are completed and evaluated in the E-studies system. Each test is graded, takes 30 minutes to complete, and can be completed once. General surgery test scores are not included in the final assessment of the study course.

To receive a satisfactory grade in the study course, 100% attendance is required.
3.

Self-assessment tests in general surgery
-
-

In e-studies, each topic is accompanied by a clinical case and its self-control tests designed to consolidate knowledge. The tests are completed and assessed in the e-studies system, and each test is graded. The assessments of the general surgery tests are not included in the final assessment of the study course.

100% attendance is required for a pass in the study course.
4.

Clinical case examples for self-assessment in general surgery
-
-

In e-studies, a clinical case is attached to each topic for self-checking and consolidation of knowledge. The task is not evaluated. Tests are available for voluntary completion so that students can improve their knowledge and test what they have learned. The assessments of the tests in general surgery are not included in the final assessment of the study course.
5.

Multiple choice tests in urology
15.00% from total grade
10 points

Tests must be completed in E-studies at the beginning of the relevant lesson. Tests are completed and evaluated in the E-studies system. The test can be completed once, and the time limit for completing it is 30 minutes.
6.

Clinical case in vascular surgery
2.50% from total grade
10 points

In the last (third) vascular surgery lesson, the student presents an independently prepared analysis of a clinical case according to the task conditions announced by the lecturer in advance.
7.

Multiple-choice test and clinical case test in transplantation
2.50% from total grade
10 points

Before the class, a preparatory test must be completed, and after the class, a control clinical case. Both tasks must be completed in the E-studies system. The evaluation of the test and the clinical case is carried out in the E-studies system.
8.

Thoracic Surgery Multiple Choice Test
15.00% from total grade
10 points

Tests must be completed in the E-learning system during the last class. The test consists of 10 questions and is given 15 minutes to complete. The test is evaluated in the E-learning system.
9.

Multiple-choice test in cardiac surgery
15.00% from total grade
10 points

Tests must be completed in E-studies during the last class. The test consists of 10 questions, and the time limit for its completion is 15 minutes. The test is evaluated in the E-studies system.

Examination

Title
% from total grade
Grade
1.

Clinical case in urology - part of the final examination of the study course
25.00% from total grade
10 points

In the last class of Urology, students complete a written clinical case assignment. The assignment is completed approximately 30 minutes before the end of the class. Each student is assigned an individual clinical case. The assignment conditions and evaluation criteria are determined and announced in advance by the lecturer. The assignment is evaluated by the lecturer.
2.

Clinical Case Task in General Surgery - Part of the Final Examination of the Study Course
25.00% from total grade
10 points

In the last class of General Surgery, students complete a written clinical case task. Two versions of the task are prepared for each group. The conditions of the task and the evaluation criteria are determined and announced by the lecturer, who also evaluates the task.

Study Course Theme Plan

FULL-TIME
Surgical Diseases II. Urology

  1. Video Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
Off site
Video
2

Topics

Traumatic injuries of abdominal organs (liver, spleen, pancreas, intestinal ruptures etc.).
Description

general surgery lecture

  1. Video Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
Off site
Video
2

Topics

Chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic tumors. Clinic, diagnostics, treatment.
Description

general surgery lecture

  1. Video Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
Off site
Video
2

Topics

Acute and chronic disorders of mesenteric circulation.
Description

general surgery lecture

  1. Video Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
Off site
Video
2

Topics

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Algorithm for diagnosis of PAD. Basic concepts in vascular surgery. Treatment of PAD Management of intermittent claudication. Management of chronic limb-threatening ischaemia. Acute limb ischaemia. Management of acute limb ischaemia. Surgical risk analysis. Assessment of the viability of the limb. Contraindications to surgical revascularisation. Assessing the amputation risk (WlFl classification).
Description

vascular surgery lecture

  1. Video Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
Off site
Video
2

Topics

Carotid and vertebral artery diseases. Arterial aneurysms. Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Acute aortic syndrome. Aortic dissection. Chronic venous disease. Acute and chronic deep vein thrombosis. Diseases of mesenteric arteries and veins.
Description

vascular surgery lecture

  1. Video Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
Off site
Video
2

Topics

Prostate cancer. Malignant tumours of kidney, urinary bladder, testis and penis.
Description

urology lecture

  1. Video Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
Off site
Video
2

Topics

Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms.
Description

urology lecture

  1. Video Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
Off site
Video
2

Topics

Symptoms and syndroms of disorders of urinary tract. Principles of investigation. Infection of urinary tract.
Description

urology lecture

  1. Video Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
Off site
Video
2

Topics

Urolythiasis. Aethiology, pathogenesis, methods and principles of investigation, treatment.
Description

urology lecture

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Colorectal cancer and premalignant diseases. Clinical picture and surgical approach deppending on localization of the tumor. Radical and palliative operated patient discussion.
Description

general surgery class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Peritoneal adhaesions. Intestinal fistulas. Stoma care. Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment.
Description

general surgery class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Polytrauma – its concept and definition. Principles of prehospital and intrahospital care of a polytrauma patient – primary, secondary and tertiary evaluation. Trauma team. Principle of "Damage control surgery".
Description

general surgery class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Gastrointestinal bleeding. Zollinger – Ellison syndrome.
Description

general surgery class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Chronic pancreatitis. Tumours of the pancreas. Clinical picture, diagnostics, treatment.
Description

general surgery class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Gastric cancer and pre-malignant lesions. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Importance of early diagnosis. Surgery principles: radical and palliative treatment.
Description

general surgery class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Spotlights in the diagnosis and treatment of brachiocephalic arteries, abdominal aortic aneurysms, venous disease and diseases of mesenteric vessels. Analysis of current international vascular surgical guidelines, using ESVS Guidelines on Management of Atherosclerotic Carotid and Vertebral Artery; ESVS Guidelines on Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms; ESVS Guidelines on Management of Chronic Venous Disease; ESVS Guidelines on Management of the Diseases of Mesenteric Arteries and Veins.
Description

vascular class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Spotlights in the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral arterial diseases. Analysis of current international vascular surgical guidelines, using Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) Guidelines; ESVS Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Diseases.
Description

vascular class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Diseases of veins and lymphatic vessels in extremities. Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Thrombosis and thrombophlebitis, deep vein insufficiency. Tropical ulcers. Gangrene. Diagnostics and treatment.
Description

vascular class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Basics and principles of organ transplantation.
Description

transplantology class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Malignant diseases of prostate – prostate cancer. Symptoms, pathogenesic theories, diagnostic methods. Principles of treatment. Conservative and surgical treatment.
Description

urology class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Kidney and urinary bladder cancers.
Description

urology class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Symptoms of diseases of lower urinary tract. Benign prostatic hyperplasy.
Description

urology class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Symptoms and syndroms of disorders of urinary tract. Principles of investigation. Urological emergencies.
Description

urology class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Penile and testicular cancers.
Description

urology class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Urolithiasis. Etiology, symptoms, classification, theories of stone formation. Diagnostic techniques. Elimination of complications.
Description

urology class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Infections of the urinary tract. Acute secundary pyelonephritis. Forms of the pyelonephritis. Specific infection diseases of the urinary tract, tbc. Cystitis, orchitis, prostatitis.
Description

urology class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Functional urology. Urine incontinence, overactive bladder. Diagnostics and treatment.
Description

urology class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Purulent diseases of lungs and pleural cavity.
Description

thoracic class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Oesophageal diseases (achalasia, strictures, cancer, diverticula). Diseases of diaphragm (hernia, lesions).
Description

thoracic class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Lung cancer, pathology of the mediastinum.
Description

thoracic surgery class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Thoracic trauma (rib fractures, pneumothorax, haemothorax – manipulations).
Description

thoracic surgery class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Surgical treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Short-term and long-term mechanical circulatory assist devices. Heart transplantation. Acute and chronic pathology of the thoracic aorta.
Description

cardiac surgery class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Epidemiology, methods of treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. A brief history of cardiac surgery. Cardiopulmonary bypass - the most important technology in modern heart surgery.
Description

cardiac surgery class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Heart valve diseases, causes, diagnosis and indications for surgery. Types of heart valve surgery. Anticoagulation after heart valve surgery.
Description

cardiac surgery class

  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
3

Topics

Diagnosis of coronary heart disease, indications for invasive diagnostic methods and surgical operations. Variants of myocardial revascularization operations. Importance of guidelines. Management of the postoperative period. Long-term results of revascularization.
Description

cardiac surgery class
Total ECTS (Creditpoints):
9.00
Contact hours:
96 Academic Hours
Final Examination:
Exam (Written)

Bibliography

Required Reading

1.

Lekciju materiāli e-vidē/Lecture materialsSuitable for English stream

2.

Bergan J. J., Bunke-Paquette N. 2014. The Vein Book. Oxford University Press. 555 pp. (jaunāka izdevuma nav)Suitable for English stream

3.

Townsend, C.M. 2021. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. 21st ed. Elsevier.Suitable for English stream

4.

Braunwald, E., Bonow, R.O. 2022. Braunwald's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 9th ed. Saunders.Suitable for English stream

5.

Kirklin, J., Blackstone, E. 2013. Kirklin/Barratt-Boyes Cardiac Surgery. 4th ed. Elsevier. (jaunāka izdevuma nav)Suitable for English stream

6.

Dienemann, H.C., Hoffmann, H., Detterbeck, F.C. 2015. Chest Surgery. Springer (akceptējams izdevums).Suitable for English stream

7.

LoCicero, J. 2018. Shields' General Thoracic Surgery. Wolters Kluwer.Suitable for English stream

8.

Hoffmeister et.al. 2015. English language version of the S3-consensus guidelines on chronic pancreatitis: Definition, aetiology, diagnostic examinations, medical, endoscopic and surgical management of chronic pancreatitis (akceptējams izdevums).Suitable for English stream

9.

Potapov, E. V., et al. 2019. 2019 EACTS Expert Consensus on long-term mechanical circulatory support. European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery, 56(2), 230–270.Suitable for English stream

10.

Otto, C. M., et al. 2021. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 143(5), e35–e71.Suitable for English stream

11.

Reynard, J., Brewster, S.F., Biers, S., Neal, N.L. 2019. Oxford Handbook of Urology. 4th ed. OUP Oxford.Suitable for English stream

12.

Chapple, C., Hillary, C., Patel, A., MacDiarmid, 2018. Urodynamics Made Easy. 4th ed. Elsevier.Suitable for English stream

13.

Partin, A.W. et al. 2021. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology. 12th ed. Elsevier.Suitable for English stream

14.

Čerņevskis, H., Strazdiņš, V., Lietuvietis, V., Bozotova, N. 2015. Urīnceļu infekcijas pieaugušajiem un bērniem. Rīga: SIA izdevniecība «PILATUS» (akceptējams izdevums)

15.

Dahm, P., Dmochowski, R. 2018. Evidence-based Urology. 2nd ed. Wiley.Suitable for English stream

Additional Reading

1.

Williams, N.S., O'Connell, P.R., McCaskie, A. 2018. Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery. 27th ed. London: Champan & Hall MedicalSuitable for English stream

2.

Brunicardi, F., et al. 2019. Schwartz's Principles of Surgery, 11th ed. McGraw-Hill.Suitable for English stream

3.

Cameron, J.L., Cameron, A.M. 2020. Current Surgical Therapy. 13th ed. Elsevier.Suitable for English stream

4.

G Rocco et al. 2017. Uniportal Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery. In: Operative Thoracic Surgery. 6th ed. CRC Press.Suitable for English stream

5.

Rami-Porta, R., 2016. IASLC Staging Handbook in Thoracic Oncology. 2nd ed. (akceptējams izdevums)Suitable for English stream

6.

Dang, C.V. 2020. Acute Mesenteric IschemiaSuitable for English stream

7.

Hajjar, L.A., Teboul, JL. 2019. Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices for Cardiogenic Shock: State of the Art. Crit Care 23, 76 (2019).Suitable for English stream

8.

Sen, A., Larson, J.S., Kashani, K.B. et al. 2016. Mechanical circulatory assist devices: a primer for critical care and emergency physicians. Crit Care 20, 153 (2016). (akceptējams izdevums)Suitable for English stream

9.

Moorjani, N., Viola, N., Walker, W.S. 2016. Key Questions in Thoracic Surgery. TFM Publishing. (akceptējams izdevums)Suitable for English stream

10.

Gardovskis, J. 2013. Ķirurģija. 2.izd. Rīga: Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte. (akceptējams izdevums)

11.

Zollinger, R.M., Ellison, E.C. 2011. Zollinger's Atlas of Surgical Operations. 11th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill. (akceptējams izdevums)Suitable for English stream

12.

European Association of Urology guidelinesSuitable for English stream

Other Information Sources

1.

Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery and European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular surgerySuitable for English stream

2.

Conwell, D.L., et.al. 2014. American Pancreatic Association Practice Guidelines in Chronic Pancreatitis: Evidence-Based Report on Diagnostic Guidelines:Suitable for English stream

3.

Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 2018 Nov;68(6):394-424Suitable for English stream

4.

NICE guidelines for upper GI bleeding. 2016. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in over 16s: management.Suitable for English stream

5.

European Respiratory Society (ERS) guidelinesSuitable for English stream

6.

ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines: Gastrointestinal CancersSuitable for English stream

7.

ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines: Lung and Chest TumoursSuitable for English stream

8.

Otto, C. M., et al. 2021. 2020 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation, 143(5), e72–e227.Suitable for English stream

9.

Vahanian, A., et al. 2021. 2021 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease: Developed by the Task Force for the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), European Heart Journal, Volume 43, Issue 7, 14 February 2022, Pages 561–632Suitable for English stream

10.

McDonagh, T.A. et al. 2021. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: Developed by the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC, European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 36, 21 September 2021, Pages 3599–3726Suitable for English stream

11.

Neumann, F. et al. 2018. ESC/EACTS Guidelines on Myocardial Revascularization: ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines. European Heart Journal, Volume 40, Issue 2, 07 January 2019, Pages 87–165Suitable for English stream

12.

Gloviczki P., ed. 2017. Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders: Guidelines of the American Venous Forum, Fourth Edition. CRC Press Taylor&Francis Group. 815 pp.Suitable for English stream

13.

European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS) guidelinesSuitable for English stream

14.

Acute Heart Failure and Mechanical Circulatory SupportSuitable for English stream

15.

Hajjar, L.A., Teboul, JL. 2019. Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices for Cardiogenic Shock: State of the Art. Crit Care 23, 76 (2019).Suitable for English stream

16.

Sen, A., Larson, J.S., Kashani, K.B. et al. 2016. Mechanical circulatory assist devices: a primer for critical care and emergency physicians. Crit Care 20, 153 (2016).Suitable for English stream