Basics of Paediatrics I

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Individual work	-	-
The knowledge acquired in the course is tested using multiple-choice tests, which students complete in the e-study environment in each lesson. Before each lesson, the student prepares and familiarizes himself with the current material, using the self-control questions available in the e-environment for each lesson. The student familiarizes himself with the clinical cases sent by the lecturer before the lesson. Using the available literature, prepare answers in the form of a presentation to the questions of a clinical case. In order to evaluate the quality of the study course as a whole, the student must fill out the study course evaluation questionnaire on the Student Portal.

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Examination	-	-
Test performance is automatically graded in the e-study environment and constitutes 50% of the daily lesson grade. The other half of the grade (50%) is made up of the students' involvement in the lesson - the ability to answer the questions asked by the lecturer + analyzes of clinical cases. The final assessment is automatically posted to the student if a grade of 4 or higher is received in each lesson. A student who in the 4th academic year in the course "Fundamentals of Pediatrics I" has obtained a rating of 7 or higher ((lecture test + average grade of classes)/2) automatically gets the opportunity to try to obtain an "automatic" at the end of the course in the course "Fundamentals of Pediatrics II" in the following academic year.

Paediatrics as a medical field. Early stages of human development, their peculiarities and course. Description of childhood periods. Healthy child and criteria of development of a healthy child. Peculiarities of examination of a child by organ systems at different ages. Neonatal screening. Early diagnosis of metabolic disorders. Children’s state of health in Latvia. Ethics of child healthcare. The concept of paediatric palliative care.

Newborn baby – a full term child, preterm birth, post-term birth, the characteristics and the associated complications. Assessment of a newborn according to the gestational age. Description of the newborn period and adaptation period and clinical manifestations. Clinical manifestations of newborn disorders.

Anatomical physiological features of the respiratory system in different age groups of children. Bronchial asthma. Cystic fibrosis.

Anatomically functional features of the digestive organ system. Malabsorption syndrome (cow’s milk protein allergy, celiac disease, cystic fibrosis). Differential diagnosis of vomiting and abdominal pain (colic, constipation, functional abdominal pain).

Cardiovascular and ECG peculiarities in children. The most common rhythm disorders in children.

The most common hemato-oncological diseases in children and description thereof. Peculiarities of leucosis in children.

The most common urinary tract diseases in children and differential diagnosis thereof. Glomerulonephritis with nephritic and nephrotic syndrome in children. Acute renal failure. Chronic kidney disease. Pediatric hypertension.

Peculiarities of the endocrine system in different age groups. Specifics of hormonal analyses evaluation. Evaluation of children's bone health.;

Possibilities and peculiarities of radiological examination of children.

Conversation and contact with the child, for parents of the child – understanding the anamnesis, evaluation of the obtained data. Practical skills of child examination by organ system.

Peculiarities of diagnostic laboratory tests in children of different age groups.

Child feeding principles up to 18 years. Overweight, obesity. Vitamin deficiency in children.

Child growth and development: physical, motor, sexual development. Period of puberty.

Newborn period – clinical examination and evaluation of a newborn by the time of birth, weight / height, establishing the gestational age, manifestations of the adaptation period. Newborn reflexes. Most common disorders of the newborn period (disorders of bilirubin metabolism, hemorrhagic disease, hyaline membrane disease).

Anatomically functional features of the hematopoietic system. Peculiarities of blood count in different age groups of children. Iron deficiency anaemia, aetiology, pathogenesis clinical peculiarities at different ages, diagnostics, differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Perinatal asphyxia, resuscitation measures. Posthypoxic perinatal encephalopathy and differential diagnosis with postpartum traumatic injury. Other birth injuries.

Acute bronchitis, bronchitis with wheezing. Terms - wheezing and stridor, causes in children (acquired and congenital). Community-acquired pneumonia in children

Acyanotic congenital heart diseases: Atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), coarctation of the aorta (CoA).

Cyanotic congenital heart diseases: Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great vessels, hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Cardiomyopathies. Acute and chronic heart failure in children. Peculiarities of taking blood pressure in children. Description of arterial hypertension (AH). Features of ECG.

Growth disorders in children. Vitamin D deficiency. Rickets differential diagnosis.

Thyroid pathologies in children.

Anatomical physiological features of the urinary tract system. Urinary tract infections (complicated, uncomplicated).

Child abuse as a problem in medicine. Shaken baby syndrome. Sudden infant death syndrome.

Anatomical and physiological properties of child’s skin and subcutaneous layer. Atopic and seborrheic dermatitis. Local infections during neonatal period (skin, umbilicus, eyes).