Veidlapa Nr. M-3 (8)
Study Course Description

Stress Management

Main Study Course Information

Course Code
VPUPK_405
Branch of Science
Health sciences
ECTS
3.00
Target Audience
Biology; Business Management; Civil and Military Defense; Clinical Pharmacy; Communication Science; Dentistry; Health Management; Information and Communication Science; Juridical Science; Law; Life Science; Management Science; Marketing and Advertising; Medical Services; Medical Technologies; Medicine; Midwifery; Nursing Science; Pedagogy; Person and Property Defence; Pharmacy; Political Science; Psychology; Public Health; Rehabilitation; Social Anthropology; Social Welfare and Social Work; Sociology; Sports Trainer
LQF
Level 6
Study Type And Form
Full-Time; Part-Time

Study Course Implementer

Course Supervisor
Structure Unit Manager
Structural Unit
Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy
Contacts

Riga, 16 Dzirciema Street, vppk@rsu.lv, +37167061587

About Study Course

Objective

Provide students with knowledge of concepts/types of stress, understanding of burnout and technostic mechanisms and methods of reducing stress. Promote the skills to analyse scientific publications; use breathing/relaxation, cognitive and mindfulness techniques; develop a personal stress management plan, independently assess stress risks in the study/work environment, integrate support resources and observe the principles of professional ethics and wellbeing.

Preliminary Knowledge

Basic knowledge in general and developmental psychology

Learning Outcomes

Knowledge

1.Defines the concept/types of stress.

2.Understand the mechanisms of burnout and technocracy.

3.Is familiar with evidence-based stress relief techniques.

Skills

1.Analyse scientific publications.

2.Respiratory/relaxation, cognitive and mindfulness techniques are used.

3.Develop a personal stress management plan.

Competences

1.Independently evaluate stress risks in the study/work environment, integrate support resources, observe principles of professional ethics and goodwill, co-operate with colleagues/clients.

Assessment

Individual work

Title
% from total grade
Grade
1.

2 analysis of the results of recent psychological scientific studies on stress and its effects on the body

30.00% from total grade
10 points

2 analysis of the results of recent psychological scientific studies on stress and its effects on the body. Work scheme: title, year of publication (2020-2025), objective, hypothesis, tasks, methods, justification of the basic concepts of the study, analysis of results and assessment. Work in scientific databases: Pro Quest, EBSCO host, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, SAGE Journals, PubMed. Written work, 1500-2000 words.

Evaluation criteria:

  • with distinction (27-30%) – precise definition of concepts, complete and critical overview of theory, correct references (APA).
  • Good (24-26%) – good content with minor gaps.
  • Sufficient (21-23%) - superficial analysis.
  • Insufficient (≤ 20%) — significant deficiencies or unsubmitted work.
2.

2 analysis of the results of the latest psychological scientific studies on stress management strategies

30.00% from total grade
10 points

2 analysis of the results of recent psychological scientific studies on stress management strategies. Work scheme: title, year of publication (2020-2025), objective, hypothesis, tasks, methods, justification of the basic concepts of the study, analysis of results and assessment. Work in scientific databases: Pro Quest, EBSCO host, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, SAGE Journals, PubMed. Written work, 1500-2000 words.

Evaluation criteria:

  • with distinction (27-30%) – precise definition of concepts, complete and critical overview of theory, correct references (APA).
  • Good (24-26%) – good content with minor gaps.
  • Sufficient (21-23%) - superficial analysis.
  • Insufficient (≤ 20%) — significant deficiencies or unsubmitted work.
3.

Development and presentation of lifestyle factors and stress reduction plans

30.00% from total grade
10 points

Evaluation criteria:

With distinction (27-30%): the plan includes concrete, measurable and feasible steps; clear choice and justification of methods; presentation structured, logical, with reasoned conclusions.

Good (24-26 per cent) – a good plan with little lack of justification.

Sufficient (21-23%) – a general or partially feasible plan.

Insufficient (≤ 20%) — significant deficiencies or unsubmitted work.

4.

Active engagement and compliance with deadlines

10.00% from total grade
10 points

Evaluation criteria:

with distinction (9-10%): active participation in discussions/practices, all tasks submitted on time, responsibility for quality of work.

Good (7-8%) – sufficient involvement with minor delays.

Sufficient (5-6%) – irregular involvement.

Insufficient (≤ 4%) - minimal or no involvement.

Study Course Theme Plan

FULL-TIME
Part 1
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

The concept and types of stress. Stress as the body’s overall adaptive response.
Description

The evolution of the concept of stress from classical understanding to the present day. Systemization of types of stress: positive stress; negative stress; insufficient stress. There will be a look at why a little stress can be healthy, but excessive stress causes problems.

Questions covered:

  • How is “stress” scientifically defined and by what is different from the everyday term “worry”?
  • In what ways can positive stress improve performance, so why can excessive stress (distress) hurt?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress stimuli or stressors. Types of stressors and influence factors.
Description

Body-specific responses to the situation caused by excessive negative stress will be analysed. Discussing ways and strategies to cope with stress.

Lesson questions:

  • What key components of stress response (both physiological and psychological) can be released in a stressful situation?
  • What are the ways and methods of regulating excessive negative stress?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress in the work environment and burnout syndrome.
Description

Work environment stress and psychosocial factors at work that cause stress and chronic stress in employees. Analysis of typical workplace stressors. Let’s pay special attention to burnout syndrome (Burnout). The definition and symptoms of burnout syndrome will be looked at in line with the latest international guidelines.

Questions considered:

  • What key components of stress response (both physiological and psychological) can be released in a stressful situation?
  • What are the ways and methods of regulating excessive negative stress?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Burnout syndrome and human wellbeing.
Description

Burnout syndrome factors and their preventive measures will be analysed.

Lesson question:

  • What preventative measures can we take to prevent burnout syndrome for ourselves and others?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress in the academic environment (perspective of students and lecturers).
Description

The stress of the academic environment – the main stressors for students and also for teaching staff – will be analysed. Let’s explore the students’ most significant stressors and the consequences of academic stress.

Questions covered:

  • What factors in the study process most often cause stress for students, and how do these factors manifest themselves in everyday student life?
  • How can prolonged and unmanaged stress affect a student’s health and academic performance?
  • What resources can students themselves use to mitigate the negative effects of academic stress?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress in everyday life and living.
Description

This lecture focuses on everyday (domestic) sources of stress and how to manage them. Let’s analyze the most common daily stressors. It will be stressed that “small” daily stressors have a cumulative effect. In the lecture, we will discuss strategies for managing stress on a daily basis.

Questions covered:

  • What events and situations of everyday life most often cause chronic stress in humans, how do these sources of stress be recognized in time?
  • How do global crisis events (such as the pandemic, war, economic crises) echo the daily stress levels of individuals?
  • Why aren’t “small” domestic stressors overlooked, and what are their potential accumulative effects on a person’s psychoemotional state?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress management strategies and mental resilience.
Description

In this lecture, let’s theoretically look at how people cope with stress and what determines a person’s mental resilience. Let’s get to know the classification of stress management strategies.

Issues discussed:

  • What are the main categories of stress management strategies and by what practical means should they be illustrated?
  • Which methods of managing stress are considered unhealthy and how can they affect a person’s mental health in the long term?
  • What is mental resilience and what factors help a person to be resilient to the negative effects of stress?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress management techniques and interventions.
Description

In this lecture, let’s look at the various science-based methods used to relieve and manage stress.

Questions:

  • What are the main stress-relieving techniques an individual can use on a daily basis and how do they affect a person’s mind and body?
  • Why are physical activity and relaxation techniques considered effective stress management techniques and what are the scientifically proven benefits of these techniques?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress in today’s world – the new challenges and an integrated approach.
Description

In the concluding theoretical lecture, let’s look at trends in stress management and new challenges in society. Let’s discuss how the “nature” of stress has changed in the age of 21.gs.digitaliz. Let’s analyse a new phenomenon, “technostress,” and its contributing effects and effects on the body.

Questions:

  • What new forms and sources of stress have emerged in today’s digitized and globalized world, and how do they affect human wellbeing?
  • Why is stress management not just an individual’s task – what role do employers, educational institutions and public policies play in reducing stress in society?
  • How does reducing stress levels and supporting mental health in society relate to sustainable development goals and common societal well-being?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress self-assessment and stress diary.
Description

The purpose of the practical class is to help students become aware of their stress levels and identify individual stressors. At the start of the class, students will fill out a survey of stress self-assessment to quantify how much stress they have felt over the past month. Students will then be introduced to the “stress diary” method.

Lesson questions:

  • How do you assess your subjective stress levels and what are the signs that stress has become elevated?
  • How do I identify my main sources of stress on a daily basis – which events or situations personally put the most strain on me?
  • What physical and emotional symptoms in me are caused by stress, and what are my current (perhaps unconscious) strategies for responding to it?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Training in relaxation and respiratory techniques.
Description

In the focus of this lesson, practically learn relaxation techniques that reduce acute stress response.

Lesson questions:

  • How do I properly perform deep breathing and advanced muscle relaxation, and what physiological changes do these methods cause in the body?
  • Which of the relaxation techniques I’ve learned I personally find most effective for myself, and at what points in my day-to-day life could I apply it to de-stress?
  • Why can practising relaxation exercises regularly increase stress resilience in the long run?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Cognitive techniques and problem-solving workshop.
Description

In this practice, students will learn cognitive techniques to reduce stress – recognise negative thoughts that have arisen in stressful situations and modify them more constructively.

Lesson questions:

  • How do I properly perform deep breathing and advanced muscle relaxation, and what physiological changes do these methods cause in the body?
  • Which of the relaxation techniques I’ve learned I personally find most effective for myself, and at what points in my day-to-day life could I apply it to de-stress?
  • Why can practising relaxation exercises regularly increase stress resilience in the long run?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Mindfulness techniques and stress resistance promotion.
Description

In this practice, students will learn cognitive techniques to reduce stress – recognise negative thoughts that have arisen in stressful situations and modify them more constructively.

Lesson questions:

  • What is mindfulness and how can regular use of mindfulness techniques help reduce the subjective sense of stress?
  • What were the personal challenges and benefits of trying a short “body scan” exercise?
  • How could I practise mindfulness techniques in my day-to-day future (mentioning a specific situation or where to integrate it), and how can this potentially improve my ability to cope with stressful situations?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Social support and communication training in stressful situations.
Description

This lesson focuses on the use of social skills and support in stress regulation.

Lesson questions:

  • What social support resources do I have and how could I be more actively involved in managing my stress?
  • What are the signs of active, empathic listening, and how can listening like this help reduce a speaker’s stress?
  • What techniques can be used to politely but surely refuse someone a claim or suggestion that puts me under excessive strain, how does setting such a boundary help reduce stress in the long term?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Lifestyle factors and creating a stress reduction plan.
Description

This lesson focuses on the role of healthy lifestyles in stress resilience and, in conclusion, the development of an individual stress management plan for each student.

Lesson questions:

  • What social support resources do I have and how could I be more actively involved in managing my stress?
  • What are the signs of active, empathic listening, and how can listening like this help reduce a speaker’s stress?
  • What techniques can be used to politely but surely refuse someone a claim or suggestion that puts me under excessive strain, how does setting such a boundary help reduce stress in the long term?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Lifestyle factors and presentation of a stress reduction plan.
Description

It will be a follow-up to a previous lesson in which each student will collect all the techniques and information learned in the course to create their own personalized stress management plan. This plan must contain: my main stressors; early signs that I am under stress; my “action strategy” – which methods I will use to reduce acute stress; long-term prevention – what I will do on a regular basis. Students draw up a plan in writing, which is considered a “worksheet,” which the student brings with them in real life. The work must be presented to the lecture theatre.

Lesson question:

  • Why is it important to plan your stress relief steps proactively and not wait for stress to spiral out of control?
Total ECTS (Creditpoints):
3.00
Contact hours:
32 Academic Hours
Final Examination:
Exam
PART-TIME
Part 1
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

The concept and types of stress. Stress as the body’s overall adaptive response.
Description

The evolution of the concept of stress from classical understanding to the present day. Systemization of types of stress: positive stress; negative stress; insufficient stress. There will be a look at why a little stress can be healthy, but excessive stress causes problems.

Questions covered:

  • How is “stress” scientifically defined and by what is different from the everyday term “worry”?
  • In what ways can positive stress improve performance, so why can excessive stress (distress) hurt?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress stimuli or stressors. Types of stressors and influence factors.
Description

Body-specific responses to the situation caused by excessive negative stress will be analysed. Discussing ways and strategies to cope with stress.

Lesson questions:

  • What key components of stress response (both physiological and psychological) can be released in a stressful situation?
  • What are the ways and methods of regulating excessive negative stress?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress in the work environment and burnout syndrome.
Description

Work environment stress and psychosocial factors at work that cause stress and chronic stress in employees. Analysis of typical workplace stressors. Let’s pay special attention to burnout syndrome (Burnout). The definition and symptoms of burnout syndrome will be looked at in line with the latest international guidelines.

Questions considered:

  • What key components of stress response (both physiological and psychological) can be released in a stressful situation?
  • What are the ways and methods of regulating excessive negative stress?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Burnout syndrome and human wellbeing.
Description

Burnout syndrome factors and their preventive measures will be analysed.

Lesson question:

  • What preventative measures can we take to prevent burnout syndrome for ourselves and others?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress in the academic environment (perspective of students and lecturers).
Description

The stress of the academic environment – the main stressors for students and also for teaching staff – will be analysed. Let’s explore the students’ most significant stressors and the consequences of academic stress.

Questions covered:

  • What factors in the study process most often cause stress for students, and how do these factors manifest themselves in everyday student life?
  • How can prolonged and unmanaged stress affect a student’s health and academic performance?
  • What resources can students themselves use to mitigate the negative effects of academic stress?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress in everyday life and living.
Description

This lecture focuses on everyday (domestic) sources of stress and how to manage them. Let’s analyze the most common daily stressors. It will be stressed that “small” daily stressors have a cumulative effect. In the lecture, we will discuss strategies for managing stress on a daily basis.

Questions covered:

  • What events and situations of everyday life most often cause chronic stress in humans, how do these sources of stress be recognized in time?
  • How do global crisis events (such as the pandemic, war, economic crises) echo the daily stress levels of individuals?
  • Why aren’t “small” domestic stressors overlooked, and what are their potential accumulative effects on a person’s psychoemotional state?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress management strategies and mental resilience.
Description

In this lecture, let’s theoretically look at how people cope with stress and what determines a person’s mental resilience. Let’s get to know the classification of stress management strategies.

Issues discussed:

  • What are the main categories of stress management strategies and by what practical means should they be illustrated?
  • Which methods of managing stress are considered unhealthy and how can they affect a person’s mental health in the long term?
  • What is mental resilience and what factors help a person to be resilient to the negative effects of stress?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress management techniques and interventions.
Description

In this lecture, let’s look at the various science-based methods used to relieve and manage stress.

Questions:

  • What are the main stress-relieving techniques an individual can use on a daily basis and how do they affect a person’s mind and body?
  • Why are physical activity and relaxation techniques considered effective stress management techniques and what are the scientifically proven benefits of these techniques?
  1. Lecture

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress in today’s world – the new challenges and an integrated approach.
Description

In the concluding theoretical lecture, let’s look at trends in stress management and new challenges in society. Let’s discuss how the “nature” of stress has changed in the age of 21.gs.digitaliz. Let’s analyse a new phenomenon, “technostress,” and its contributing effects and effects on the body.

Questions:

  • What new forms and sources of stress have emerged in today’s digitized and globalized world, and how do they affect human wellbeing?
  • Why is stress management not just an individual’s task – what role do employers, educational institutions and public policies play in reducing stress in society?
  • How does reducing stress levels and supporting mental health in society relate to sustainable development goals and common societal well-being?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Stress self-assessment and stress diary.
Description

The purpose of the practical class is to help students become aware of their stress levels and identify individual stressors. At the start of the class, students will fill out a survey of stress self-assessment to quantify how much stress they have felt over the past month. Students will then be introduced to the “stress diary” method.

Lesson questions:

  • How do you assess your subjective stress levels and what are the signs that stress has become elevated?
  • How do I identify my main sources of stress on a daily basis – which events or situations personally put the most strain on me?
  • What physical and emotional symptoms in me are caused by stress, and what are my current (perhaps unconscious) strategies for responding to it?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Training in relaxation and respiratory techniques.
Description

In the focus of this lesson, practically learn relaxation techniques that reduce acute stress response.

Lesson questions:

  • How do I properly perform deep breathing and advanced muscle relaxation, and what physiological changes do these methods cause in the body?
  • Which of the relaxation techniques I’ve learned I personally find most effective for myself, and at what points in my day-to-day life could I apply it to de-stress?
  • Why can practising relaxation exercises regularly increase stress resilience in the long run?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Cognitive techniques and problem-solving workshop.
Description

In this practice, students will learn cognitive techniques to reduce stress – recognise negative thoughts that have arisen in stressful situations and modify them more constructively.

Lesson questions:

  • How do I properly perform deep breathing and advanced muscle relaxation, and what physiological changes do these methods cause in the body?
  • Which of the relaxation techniques I’ve learned I personally find most effective for myself, and at what points in my day-to-day life could I apply it to de-stress?
  • Why can practising relaxation exercises regularly increase stress resilience in the long run?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Mindfulness techniques and stress resistance promotion.
Description

In this practice, students will learn cognitive techniques to reduce stress – recognise negative thoughts that have arisen in stressful situations and modify them more constructively.

Lesson questions:

  • What is mindfulness and how can regular use of mindfulness techniques help reduce the subjective sense of stress?
  • What were the personal challenges and benefits of trying a short “body scan” exercise?
  • How could I practise mindfulness techniques in my day-to-day future (mentioning a specific situation or where to integrate it), and how can this potentially improve my ability to cope with stressful situations?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Social support and communication training in stressful situations.
Description

This lesson focuses on the use of social skills and support in stress regulation.

Lesson questions:

  • What social support resources do I have and how could I be more actively involved in managing my stress?
  • What are the signs of active, empathic listening, and how can listening like this help reduce a speaker’s stress?
  • What techniques can be used to politely but surely refuse someone a claim or suggestion that puts me under excessive strain, how does setting such a boundary help reduce stress in the long term?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Lifestyle factors and creating a stress reduction plan.
Description

This lesson focuses on the role of healthy lifestyles in stress resilience and, in conclusion, the development of an individual stress management plan for each student.

Lesson questions:

  • What social support resources do I have and how could I be more actively involved in managing my stress?
  • What are the signs of active, empathic listening, and how can listening like this help reduce a speaker’s stress?
  • What techniques can be used to politely but surely refuse someone a claim or suggestion that puts me under excessive strain, how does setting such a boundary help reduce stress in the long term?
  1. Class/Seminar

Modality
Location
Contact hours
On site
Study room
2

Topics

Lifestyle factors and presentation of a stress reduction plan.
Description

It will be a follow-up to a previous lesson in which each student will collect all the techniques and information learned in the course to create their own personalized stress management plan. This plan must contain: my main stressors; early signs that I am under stress; my “action strategy” – which methods I will use to reduce acute stress; long-term prevention – what I will do on a regular basis. Students draw up a plan in writing, which is considered a “worksheet,” which the student brings with them in real life. The work must be presented to the lecture theatre.

Lesson question:

  • Why is it important to plan your stress relief steps proactively and not wait for stress to spiral out of control?
Total ECTS (Creditpoints):
3.00
Contact hours:
32 Academic Hours
Final Examination:
Exam

Bibliography

Required Reading

1.

Ābeltiņa, M. (2023). Profesionālā izdegšana. Apgāds Zvaigzne ABC, 258

2.

Zakriževska-Belogrudova, M. (2021). Stresa anatomija, R.:154

Additional Reading

1.

Brata, W., Susanto, H., Zubaidah, S. (2025). Theoretical underpinnings and future research on academic stress in biological and educational perspectives. Review Article, Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12 (146)

2.

Borle, P., Reichel, K., Niebuhr, F., Voelter-Mahlknecht, S. (2021). How are techno-stressors associated with mental health and work outcomes? A systematic review of occupational exposure to information and communication technologies within the technostress model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16):8673.

3.

Future Forum Pulse (2024)

4.

Jannah, M., Widohardhono, R., Rachman, N., Sholichah, IF., Purnomo, RAA., Jaroah, S., Hidayah, R. (2025). Student Athletes: Does Emotional Regulation Affect Mental Toughness? International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 13(3), 571-576.

5.

Li, Y., Zheng, P. (2025). Trait resilience protects against social anxiety in college students through emotion regulation and coping strategies. Scientific Reports, 15 (1).

6.

Li, WW., Nannestad, J., Leow, T., Heward, C. (2024). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on depression, PTSD, and mindfulness among military veterans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology Open, 11:20551029241302969.

7.

Litan, DE. (2025). The Impact of Technostress Generated by Artificial Intelligence on the Quality of Life: The Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affect. Behavioral Sciences, 15(4):552.

8.

Lu, S., Wei, F., Li, G. (2021). The evolution of the concept of stress and the framework of the stress system. Cell Stress, 26;5(6):76–85.

9.

Piao, X., Xie, J., Managi, S. (2024). Continuous worsening of population emotional stress globally: universality and variations. BMC Public Health, 24 (3576)

10.

Shchaslyvyi, A., Antonenko, SV., Telegeev, G. (2024). Comprehensive Review of Chronic Stress Pathways and the Efficacy of Behavioral Stress Reduction Programs (BSRPs) in Managing Diseases. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(8):1077.

11.

Stokenberga I., Freimane G., Sudraba V. (2015). Veselība un slimība psiholoģijā. Monogrāfija Psiholoģija (2). Zvaigzne ABC, 171-244

12.

Tavoian, D., Craighead, DH., (2023). Deep breathing exercise at work: Potential applications and impact. Frontiers in Physiology, 14:1040091.

13.

WHO (2025). ICD-11 Implementation.

Other Information Sources

1.

Zinātniskās datu bāzes - ProQuest, EBSCO host, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, SAGE journals, PubMed