Obstetrics and Gynecology

1.Knows definitions of reproductive health and reproductive rights.

2.Understand the principles of perinatal care organisation, key indicators of the quality of maternity assistance (maternal mortality and perinatal mortality).

3.Guide Latvia’s legislation on reproductive health issues.

4.Able to outline and explain female genital anatomy, physiology, fertilization process, fetal and placental development, physiology of pregnancy progress.

5.Is familiar with the principles of reproductive history collection and basic methods of female gynaecological examination. Is familiar with basic antenatal care, screening for fetal congenital abnormalities, understands the progress of normal and abnormal pregnancy: spontaneous termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks of pregnancy, non-uterine pregnancy, Trophoblastic diseases, normal delivery, physiological postpartum period, breast nursing, premature delivery, transmitted pregnancy, multi-fruit pregnancy, assessment of fetal status during pregnancy, TORCH infection in pregnant women, isoimmunisation during pregnancy, bleeding during pregnancy and postpartum, maternal and foetal maternity trauma, hypertensive complications during pregnancy, systemic pregnancies during pregnancy, operative obstetrics, postpartum septic complications, post-birth newborn adaptation and primary resuscitation, clinical pharmacology of medications used in perinatal care. Understand the procedures and methods for terminating pregnancy up to 22 weeks of pregnancy.

6.Understand the role of normal microflora of sexual pathways in inducing pregnancy and gynecological pathologies: STI, endogenous and yatrogenous infection – aetiology, diagnostic methods, reproductive health effects, treatment, including during pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, septic post-natal complications (endometritis, wound infection). Understand the reasons for bleeding from the uterus: menstrual cycle disorders, endometrial precancer and endometrial cancer, their diagnostic and treatment principles. Understand the primary and secondary prevention options for cervical cancer, the pathogenesis of developing cervical cancer, the principles of diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer. Is familiar with family planning methods and choice principles. Understand the reasons for female virilization, polycystic diagnosis of ovarian syndrome, principles of treatment, understand the role of oestrogens in a woman’s body during different periods of life, and pathogenesis of oestrogen deficiency-related pathologies, principles of treatment (menopause, hormone replacement therapy). There is an understanding of small pelvic floor dysfunction and infertility. Understands major gynaecological surgeries and manipulations, knows how to prepare patients for them, and how to manage the postoperative period. There is an understanding of genital benign and malignant tumours – uterine myoma and ovarian tumours, the causes of chronic pain in the small pelvis and their chances of differentiation, endometriosis, primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome.

1.1. Uterine bimanual examination; 2. Pap smear collection (cervical cytology smear); 3. Due date determination; 4. Primary resuscitation of the newborn; 5. Physiological labor; 6. Identification of fundus uteri; 7. Care of the neonate in physiological delivery; 8. Use of the contraceptive tool in contraceptive counselling; 9. Leopold’s maneuvers; 10. The cord cutting; 11. Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage; 12. Reproductive history of gynecological patient; 13.Reproductive history of obstetric patient.

1.Collect reproductive history. Perform a clinical examination on a pregnant woman and a gynecological patient. To determine the time of delivery.

2.Understand physiological delivery and principles of delivery management. Demonstrate hand techniques in the acceptance of physiological births and in the care of a newborn. Assess the state of the fetus – sound fetal heartbeats with fetal doppler.

3.Know what parameters a newborn should evaluate after birth to decide a newborn’s health status, know how to provide a newborn with a safe environment after birth and understand if any support is needed.

4.Is familiar with the principles of evidence-based antenatal care, able to identify high-risk pregnancies: fetal genetic abnormalities, asymptomatic bacteriuria, gestational diabetes, iron deficiency anaemia, hypertensive complications, abnormal fetal growth, multi-fruit pregnancy, TORCH infection, etc.

5.Can explain the nature of primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer, explain how cervical cancer screening examinations should be taken, interpret cervical cancer screening results. Is competent to advise a woman on the choice and application of family planning methods.

6.Symptoms of reproductive diseases, investigative possibilities and informativeness of investigative methods and disease prevention possibilities and treatment options can be explained to the woman. Understands and is able to apply the principles of drug selection during pregnancy and lactation.