International Business and Marketing

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Individual work	-	-
Students have to work on a regular basis during the course. Students choose one of the topics for the independent work in consultation with the lecturer. The work is intended for student groups of 3 – 4 students. During the first two lectures a timetable will be agreed with the presentation times. Presentations will be done in seminar classes; each presentation shall be of 20 minutes. Acquisition of the course material outside classes shall be systematic. At least 3 hours shall be provided for out-of-class work (for summaries, preparing reports, presentations, and material for seminars) per each academic hour (45 minutes) of class work. To complete the course it is necessary to follow the presentation of the questions in the lectures, follow the lecturer's instructions for the preparation of seminars, as well as to present and master the topic according to the list of references. In some cases, in agreement with the lecturer, lecture summaries and seminar papers may be written using other sources of literature. In order to evaluate the quality of the study course as a whole, the student must fill out the study course evaluation questionnaire on the Student Portal.

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Examination	-	-
Students have to work on a regular basis during the course. Students choose one of the topics of independent work in consultation with the lecturer. The work is intended for student groups 3-4. students. 1-2. During the lectures a timetable will be agreed, which will record the presentation times. Presentations will be held in seminar sessions, each presentation lasting 20 minutes. The presentation must be made by PowePoint and have a minimum size of 25 slides.
2. Examination	-	-
Analysis of the external factors of international marketing (case study). Precisely describe the interactions between these factors - how they interact with each other (what and how) - and hence the marketing environment in general; During the workshop, the results of the study will need to be analysed and presented in the working groups.
3. Examination	-	-
Preparation for classes, proactive participation and contribution during the classes (discussions, group work, feedback). Minimum attendance or participation requirements – 50% of all the classes. Average assessment for the semester shall consist of: Seminar assignments (25%); Summaries (25%); Presentation of the research (25%); Active participation in lectures (5%). Total by semester – 80%. Exam – 20%. • All required essays and the individual project need to be submitted. • All individual and group tasks have to be completed during classes. • Students who do not meet the minimum attendance or participation requirements (50% of all the lectures and seminars) can be refused permission to attempt or be considered for assessment.

The world of international business. Description Annotation: During the lecture the following topics are explained and discussed: international business trends in the world; the impact of globalization and technological development on business; factors that need to be analyzed and taken into consideration when starting an international business. Topics covered during the class: 1. What is international business? 2. Globalization; 3. E-Business in the online world; 4. Technology and innovation; 5. The environment of international business. Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Multinational enterprises, innovation and competitiveness. Description Annotation: During the class the following topics are explained and discussed: forms of international business; types of business organizational structures; preconditions for innovation and competitiveness. Topics covered during the class: 1. Multinational enterprises; 2. Foreign investment; 3. General frameworks in international business; 4. Trends in innovation. Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bringing innovation into your business. Description Annotation: During the classes new business ideas are developed and analyzed. Topics covered during the class: 1. How to analyze the causes of a new idea? 2. How to develop alternatives for the realization of ideas and make a comparative analysis of them? 3. How to develop and justify the choice of a new solution? Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bringing innovation into your business. Description Annotation: During the classes new business ideas are developed and analyzed. Topics covered during the class: 1. How to analyze the causes of a new idea? 2. How to develop alternatives for the realization of ideas and make a comparative analysis of them? 3. How to develop and justify the choice of a new solution? Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

International culture. Description Annotation: During the classes, topics of cultural differences and challenges that arise from international co-operation are explained and discussed. Topics covered during the class: 1. Culture in different business contexts; 2. Cross-cultural management; 3. Key aspects of international ethics; 4. A framework for making ethical decisions. Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

International culture. Description Annotation: During the classes, topics of cultural differences and challenges that arise from international co-operation are explained and discussed. Topics covered during the class: 1. Culture in different business contexts; 2. Cross-cultural management; 3. Key aspects of international ethics; 4. A framework for making ethical decisions. Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

International culture. Description Annotation: During the classes, topics of cultural differences and challenges that arise from international co-operation are explained and discussed. Topics covered during the class: 1. Culture in different business contexts; 2. Cross-cultural management; 3. Key aspects of international ethics; 4. A framework for making ethical decisions. Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

International trade. Description Annotation: During the lectur the topics of international trade policy and its opportunities and challenges are explained and discussed. Topics covered during the class: 1. International trade theory; 2. Barriers to trade; 3. Non-tariff barriers to trade; 4. Internationalization and competitive advantages. Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

International business strategies – multinational strategy. Description Annotation: During the lectur the topics of international business strategies, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the preconditions for their implementation are explained and discussed. Topics covered during the class: Strategy formulation, implementation, evaluation. Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Strategic management and organising strategy. Description Annotation: During the lesson students learn the principles and approaches of strategy development, control of its implementation. Topics covered during the class: 1. What is a strategy? 2. What are the different types of international strategies? 3. What are their advantages and disadvantages? 4. How to develop an international strategy? 5. How to control strategy implementation? Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Strategic management and organising strategy. Description Annotation: During the lesson students learn the principles and approaches of strategy development, control of its implementation. Topics covered during the class: 1. What is a strategy? 2. What are the different types of international strategies? 3. What are their advantages and disadvantages? 4. How to develop an international strategy? 5. How to control strategy implementation? Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Functional area strategies. Description Annotation: Topics of additional international business strategies, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as preconditions for their implementation are explained and discussed during the lesson. Topics covered during the class: 1. Product Strategy; 2. Human resource management strategy; 3. Political risk and negotiation strategy; 4. Exporting as a foreign market entry strategy; 5. Licensing, franchising and other contractual strategies. Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Development of international business strategy for a Latvian company. Description Annotation: During the class, students present their final projects in the course - International Business Strategy and Balanced Management Card for the selected company. Topics covered during the class: How to develop an international strategy for a Latvian company? Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Marketing concept, basic elements I. Description Annotation: Marketing concept, basic elements I. Historical development of marketing concept. Introduction to International Marketing. Topics covered during the class: 1. Definition of International Marketing; 2. The essence of international marketing startup context; 3. Development of latest marketing trends. Literature: 1. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 10th Edition. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2013, pp 3.-31.; 607-643. 2. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 8th Edition. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western, 2007, pp 17- 20. 3. Mühlbacher H., Leihs H., Dahringer L. International marketing: a global perspective. London: Thomson, 2006, pp 38 – 44. 4. Americam Marketing Asociation: https://www.ama.org/Pages/default.aspx ;

Organisational motivation to acquire international markets. Description Annotation: Organizational motivation to acquire international markets. Different perspectives / approaches to international marketing. International business and entry into the international market. Topics covered during the class: 1. What are the main decisions of the management of the acquisition of international markets? 2. Analyse what motivation (proactive and / or reactive) companies from different countries have started to operate outside their national borders. Literature: 1. Muhlbacher H., Leihs H., Dahringer L. International marketing: a global perspective. 3rd edition, London, Thomson, 2006., pp 26.-43. 2. Czinkota M.R., Ronkainen I.A., International marketing. 10th edition., Mason, Australia, South-Western, 2007., pp 207.-2019. 3. Cateora P., Gilly M., Grohana J., International Marketing, 16th edition, McGraw Hill Irwin, 2013. pp 337.-365.

New product / service analysis. Description Annotation: New Product / Service Analysis (Situation Analysis). To present a product / service that you have recently been discovered: product / service; package; communication media; Innovation. Topics covered during the class: What communication tools are used to market the product? Analyse the advantages / disadvantages of this product (service) and prospects for development in Latvia and the world. Literature: 1. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 10th Edition. Australia : South-Western Cengage Learning, 2013. 2. Mühlbacher H., Leihs H., Dahringer L. International marketing: a global perspective. London : Thomson, 2006. 3. Cateora P., Gilly M., Grohana J., International Marketing, 16th edition, McGraw Hill Irwin, 2013. 4. Hult. Pride. Ferrell. Marketing. Sauth Western. 2012. 5. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science.

Recent scientific research on international marketing and its influencing factors. Description Annotation: Recent scientific research on international marketing and its influencing factors. Topics covered during the class: International marketing concepts, their influencing factors. Literature: 1. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 10th Edition. Australia : South-Western Cengage Learning, 2013. 2. Mühlbacher H., Leihs H., Dahringer L. International marketing: a global perspective. London : Thomson, 2006. 3. Cateora P., Gilly M., Grohana J., International Marketing, 16th edition, McGraw Hill Irwin, 2013. 4. Hult. Pride. Ferrell. Marketing. Sauth Western. 2012. 5. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science.

International marketing research, analysis, information system. Description Annotation: International marketing research, analysis, information system. Marketing plan. Topics covered during the class: 1. Necessity for International Marketing Research; 2. Steps to develop for an International Marketing Plan. Literature: 1. Mühlbacher H., Leihs H., Dahringer L. International marketing: a global perspective. London : Thomson, 2006., pp 273.-289., 698.-713. 2. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 10th Edition. Mason, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2013., pp 213.-216., 238.-265. 3. McDonald M., Marketing plans. 6th edition., Elsevier, 2007., pp 49.-60.

International customisation of goods and services. Description Annotation: International customization of goods and services. Topics covered during the class: 1. Need for product customization on the international market; 2. Example of a particular product's adaptation to a particuar national market. Literature: 1. Akgüna Ali Ekber, Keskinb Halit, Ayarc Hayat. 2014. Standardization and Adaptation of International Marketing Mix Activities: A Case Study. 10th International Strategic Management Conference, Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli, Turkey, 609-618lpp. 2. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 10th Edition. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2013., p. 357.-381. 3. Cateora P., Gilly M., Grohana J., International Marketing, 16th edition, McGraw Hill Irwin, 2013., p. 371.-395. 4. Castano R., Eugenia Perez M., A matter of love: consumer's relationship witg original brands and their counterfeits. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Santa Barbara, Vol. 31, 2014., p. 475.-482.

International marketing, factors affecting the external environment. Description Annotation: International marketing, factors affecting the external environment. What impact do external environmental factors have on the volume of consumption and its changes? Topics covered during the class: What are the environmental factors associated with changes in consumption patterns that are most affected by product categories? Literature: 1. Czinkota M.R., Ronkainen I.A. International Marketing. 8th edition, Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South - Western, 2007. p. 83. - 155. 2. Hult. Pride. Ferrell. Marketing. Sauth Western. 2012. p. 64. - 67. 3. Muhlbacher H., Leihs H., Dahringer L. International marketing: a global perspective. London. Thomson. 2006. p. 90. - 121.

Positioning and promotion of the product on the international market (case study). Description Annotation: Positioning and promotion of the product on the international market (case study). Topics covered during the class: 1. Does the product have market potential in Latvia and which countries would be suitable for exporting the product? 2. During the workshop, the results of the study will need to be analysed and presented in the working groups. Literature: 1. Akgüna Ali Ekber, Keskinb Halit, Ayarc Hayat. 2014. Standardization and Adaptation of International Marketing Mix Activities: A Case Study. 10th International Strategic Management Conference, Gebze Institute of Technology, Kocaeli, Turkey, pp 609-618. 2. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 10th Edition. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2013., pp 357.-381. 3. Cateora P., Gilly M., Grohana J., International Marketing, 16th edition, McGraw Hill Irwin, 2013., pp 371.-395. 4. Castano R., Eugenia Perez M., A matter of love: consumer's relationship witg original brands and their counterfeits. Journal of Consumer Marketing, Santa Barbara, Vol. 31, 2014., pp 475.-482.

Analysis of the external factors of international marketing (case study). Description Annotation: Analysis of the external factors of international marketing (case study). Topics covered during the class: 1. Precisely describe the interactions between these factors - how they interact with each other (what and how) - and hence the marketing environment in general. 2. During the workshop, the results of the study will need to be analysed and presented in the working groups. Literature: 1. Czinkota M.R., Ronkainen I.A. International Marketing. 8th edition, Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South - Western, 2007. pp 83. - 155 2. Hult. Pride. Ferrell. Marketing. Sauth Western. 2012. pp 64. - 67 3. Muhlbacher H., Leihs H., Dahringer L. International marketing: a global perspective. London. Thomson. 2006. pp 90. - 121

Managing and marketing an international product, cross-cultural differences. Description Annotation: Managing and marketing an international product, cross-cultural differences. Topics covered during the class: 1. What are the risks and benefits of a global brand? 2. International business cross-cultural differences. Literature: 1. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 10th Edition. Australia : South-Western Cengage Learning, 2013., pp 372. - 389. 2. Cateora P.R., Gilly M.C., Graham J.L. International Marketing. 16th edition. McGraw-Hill Irwin. 2013. pp 95. - 124. 566. - 592. 3. Muhlbacher H., Leihs H., Dahringer L. International marketing: a global perspective. London. Thomson. 2006. pp 449. - 496.

Presentations of research work. Description Annotation: Research assignments presentations. Topics covered during the class: World marketing latest trends analysis. Analysis of International Marketing Research Examples and Specifics. Promoting the product on the international market and strengthening its position, examples. The role of social media in marketing development, examples. The latest guide to global marketing activities, their application in Latvia. The international dimension of product packaging Product promotion channels. Product adaptation to foreign markets.

Bringing innovation into your business. Description Annotation: During the classes new business ideas are developed and analyzed. Topics covered during the class: 1. How to analyze the causes of a new idea? 2. How to develop alternatives for the realization of ideas and make a comparative analysis of them? 3. How to develop and justify the choice of a new solution? Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

International culture. Description Annotation: During the classes, topics of cultural differences and challenges that arise from international co-operation are explained and discussed. Topics covered during the class: 1. Culture in different business contexts; 2. Cross-cultural management; 3. Key aspects of international ethics; 4. A framework for making ethical decisions. Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Strategic management and organising strategy. Description Annotation: During the lesson students learn the principles and approaches of strategy development, control of its implementation. Topics covered during the class: 1. What is a strategy? 2. What are the different types of international strategies? 3. What are their advantages and disadvantages? 4. How to develop an international strategy? 5. How to control strategy implementation? Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Development of international business strategy for a Latvian company. Description Annotation: During the class, students present their final projects in the course - International Business Strategy and Balanced Management Card for the selected company. Topics covered during the class: How to develop an international strategy for a Latvian company? Literature: 1. Charles W. L. Hill. 2019. International Business: competing in the global marketplace. New York, McGraw-Hill Education. 2. Rugman A.M., Collinson S. 2017. International business. New York: Pearson Education. 3. Cavusgil S.T., Knight G., Riesenberger J.R. 2014. International business: the new realities. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall. 4. Verbeke A. 2013. International business strategy: rethinking the foundations of global corporate success. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Marketing concept, basic elements I. Description Annotation: Marketing concept, basic elements I. Historical development of marketing concept. Introduction to International Marketing. Topics covered during the class: 1. Definition of International Marketing; 2. The essence of international marketing startup context; 3. Development of latest marketing trends. Literature: 1. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 10th Edition. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2013, pp 3.-31.; 607-643. 2. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 8th Edition. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western, 2007, pp 17- 20. 3. Mühlbacher H., Leihs H., Dahringer L. International marketing: a global perspective. London: Thomson, 2006, pp 38 – 44. 4. Americam Marketing Asociation: https://www.ama.org/Pages/default.aspx ;

Recent scientific research on international marketing and its influencing factors. Description Annotation: Recent scientific research on international marketing and its influencing factors. Topics covered during the class: International marketing concepts, their influencing factors. Literature: 1. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 10th Edition. Australia : South-Western Cengage Learning, 2013. 2. Mühlbacher H., Leihs H., Dahringer L. International marketing: a global perspective. London : Thomson, 2006. 3. Cateora P., Gilly M., Grohana J., International Marketing, 16th edition, McGraw Hill Irwin, 2013. 4. Hult. Pride. Ferrell. Marketing. Sauth Western. 2012. 5. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science.

International marketing research, analysis, information system. Description Annotation: International marketing research, analysis, information system. Marketing plan. Topics covered during the class: 1. Necessity for International Marketing Research; 2. Steps to develop for an International Marketing Plan. Literature: 1. Mühlbacher H., Leihs H., Dahringer L. International marketing: a global perspective. London : Thomson, 2006., pp 273.-289., 698.-713. 2. Czinkota M. R., Ronkainen I. A. International Marketing. 10th Edition. Mason, Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2013., pp 213.-216., 238.-265. 3. McDonald M., Marketing plans. 6th edition., Elsevier, 2007., pp 49.-60.