Infectious Diseases I

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Individual work	-	-
1. Preliminary preparation for each practical class (relevant topic); 2. Independent study report (the 7th semester); 3. Case report (the 8th semester).

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Examination	-	-
Independent work: 1. Independent study report: assessment criteria – compliance of the content of the report with the selected topic; design of the report; student’s individual input, contribution or work invested; level of student’s knowledge evaluated by the lecturer (responsible for the group) when discussing the individual study report with the student. 2. Case report – report task comprehension, use of a virtual fact summary for diagnosis detection (laboratory test, instrumental investigation, anamnesis, including epidemiological data, etc.), the logic of the diagnostic reasoning and the range of differential diagnosis coverage, therapeutic, prophylactic, suggestions etc. Test in the 7th semester - practical class attendance, evaluation of Individual Study Report; Examination in the 8th semester - practical class attendance and evaluation of a clinical case - 50%, written exam (50%), which consists of a theoretical question (20%) on the acquired topic and interpretation of one clinical case (30%).

Communicable diseases in a global context – current situation and expectations in future. Infectology in the overall spectrum of diseases. Theoretical and practical basics of infectology, infection process.

The epidemiology of infectious diseases, epidemic process. The epidemiological investigations, surveillance and control of communicable diseases.

Diagnostic principles in Infectology: epidemiological, clinical, laboratory – specific and non-specific.

Principles of treatment in Infectology – specific, etiological, pathogenic and symptomatic therapy, application of principles.

Specific laboratory tests/investigations in modern Infectology – selection principles, methods, interpretation.

Causes of hospital-acquired infections/ healthcare-associated infections: manifestations and causative agents. Socio-medical significance. Prophylaxis and treatment.

Blood-borne infectious diseases - terminology, epidemiology, aetiology, prophylaxis. Importance in individual and public health.

Fecal-orally transmitted infections – definition, aetiology, epidemiology (viral, bacterial, parasitic). Principles of diagnostics and treatment, prophylaxis. Importance in the life of individuals and the life of society in general.

Air-borne infections – definition, etiology, epidemiology, principles of diagnostics and treatment of viral, bacterial and fungal infections, prophylaxis/ preventive measures. Social significance.

Lower respiratory tract infections: acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Epidemiology, aetiology, clinical manifestation, diagnostic approach, and principles of treatment.

Tuberculosis: etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunological and microbiological diagnostics, latent TB infections and clinical manifestations of TB treatment principles

Neuroinfections – definitions, aetiology, epidemiology, diagnostic and treatment principles, prevention options. Social significance.

Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of infectious diseases characterized by pathologies in pharynx.

Slow and congenital infections: definitions, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic principles, prognosis.

Parasitic infections – definition, etiology, classification, principles of treatment and prevention. Social significance.

Organizational principles of Infectios diseases hospital. Rules of transportation and hospitalization of patients with infectious diseases. Medical device reprocessing principles (cleaning, disinfectiopn, sterilization, process control, regulatory documents).

Practical aspects of specific laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases and evaluationor assessment of obtained results.

Respiratory diseases: viral - influenza, adenovirus infection, rhinosinusitis infection, coronavirus infection, etc., bacterial - pneumococcal infection, legionellosis, whooping cough in adults, diphtheria, mycoplasma and chlamydial infections. Principles of examination and verification of diagnosis. Treatment tactics.

Intestinal infectious diseases: viral - rotavirus, norovirus, coronavirus-induced diseases, etc., bacterial - Salmonella (including S.typhi and S.paratyphi), Shigella, E.Coli, Cl.difficile, Campylobacter, Yersinia, V.cholerae a.o. diseases caused by microorganisms. Food toxic infections, incl. botulism. Clinical picture, principles of diagnosis and treatment. Prophylaxis.

Examination of patients with suspected tuberculosis. Approach to tuberculosis diagnosis. The most common complications of pulmonary tuberculosis and treatment. Tuberculosis infection control. Post primary pulmonary tuberculosis. Tuberculosis in children and immunosuppressed patients.

Process of HIV infection – acute retroviral syndrome, chronic form, clinical manifestations diagnostics, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. Indicator diseases of HIV infection. AIDS opportunistic infectious diseases. Prophylaxis. Diagnosis, principles of therapy. Patient care.

Algorithm for diagnosis of acute infectious diseases with jaundice (viral, bacterial, protozoan, etc.). Acute viral hepatitis (A, E, B, C herpesviruses, etc.) clinical differences depending on etiology, clinical examination, verification of diagnosis. Chronic viral hepatitis (B, C a.o.). Clinical characteristics, diagnosis verification. Principles of therapy. Bacterial hepatitis - leptospirosis, typhoid, etc. Differential diagnostics. Final results.

Infections caused by Herpes viruses: typical clinical manifestations, differences, differential diagnosis, prevention and treatment options of pathologies caused by HHV1, HHV2, HHV3, HHV4, HHV5, HHV6, HHV7, HHV8.

The most essential human helmintoses – diseases caused by nematodes, cestodes, trematodes. Clinical syndromes, diagnosis, principles of treatment and prevention options. Nematodes, reported in Latvia less commonly. Filariasis. Diseases caused by blood parasites; tropical diseases/ parasitoses typical for tropical areas. Preparation/ getting ready for a travel (special areas, specific groups of patients, specific immunoprophylaxis, etc.). Travel–related health problems after the return.

Viral neuroinfections - tick-borne encephalitis, meningitis caused by epidemic parotitis virus, enteroviruses (including polio virus), herpesviruses, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, West Nile fever, etc. Bacterial neuroinfections - pneumococcal, meningococcal, tuberculous, syphilis - clinical manifestations, investigation, examination of patients, principles of diagnostics and treatment. Meningitis caused by protozoa and fungi.

Bioterrorism – definitions, terminology, classification. Objectives of health-care in bioterrorism-related situations. Regulatory basis for action in case of bioterrorism threats.

Protozoa-induced diseases: terminology, classification, etiology, epidemiology.

Range of infectious diseases in travelers, immigrants, refugees, areas plagued by war. Diagnostics, principles of health care and prevention.

Food and environment as source of infectious diseases – latest trends.

Pediatric infections in adults – diagnostics, peculiarities of clinical manifestation, prognosis and prophylaxis.

The most common forms of extrapulmonary TB: Pleural manifestations of tuberculosis, peripheral lymph node TB, bone and joint system TB, miliary TB, central nervous system TB, urogenital TB.

Lyme borreliosis, erlichiosis, Q fever, rickettsiosis a.o. – investigation, verification of diagnosis, treatment principles. Prophylaxis.

Life-threatening infections.

Hemorrhagic fevers – definition, classification, etiologic groups, clinical manifestations, verification of diagnosis, principles of treatment. Currently topical exotic diseases - Ebola fever, Zika virus disease. Dengue fever. Emergency conditions in the context of infectious diseases.

Systemic and opportunistic mycoses - epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations. Sarcoidosis. Psittacosis and other currently topical zoonoses of the world.

Adult vaccination: aims and objectives; indications and contraindications; practical aspects of vaccination. Immunoglobulins, serum. Malaria prevention. Tetanus. Traveler Diseases.

Microbiological criteria for food and environmental objects and organisation of laboratory control as the prevention of infectious diseases.

The course of SARS CoV-2 infection - from etiology to the end result.

Infections of bones and joints - diagnostics, treatment, prevention.

Principles of immunity development in infectious diseases.

Antimicrobial resistance. Multi-resistant microflora, its role in the patient care of nosocomial infections. The impact of hospital-acquired infections on the design of infectious diseases in future.

Peculiarities of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, in the context of geriatrics.

Diagnostics of infectious diseases characterized by lymphadenopathy, differential diagnostics with non – infectious pathologies Infectious diseases manifesting as rash - diagnostics and differential diagnostics in adults.

The known and unknown in the context of infectious diseases. Questions, answers, discussions on all course topics.