Biology

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Individual work	-	-
Students must independently learn the content of video collections in order to perform e-tests and protocols. The independent work "Organelle Defect - the Cause of Human Pathology" and the independent work "Genetic Information Realization Processes" presentations must be prepared, according to certain previously discussed criteria. Outside contact hours in the 1st semester students must develop the individual work "The family tree" must be developed and submitted in the e-seminar format, hat allows also the evaluation of the colleague (other student) work. Using knowledge of the multifactorial type of inheritance, students should analyze the role of the environment and genes in the origin of a multifactorial trait, and present their observations in the lesson. Outside contact hours in the 2nd semester students must prepare a presentation of group work "Ecological problems and their solutions", and additionally submit it in e-seminar form to evaluate two other collogues works.

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Examination	-	-
Students' participation in practical classes, weekly tests (e-tests) about particular theory topics, ability to explain the results obtained in practical work, making conclusions according to the obtained results are evaluated (e-protocols). Students' knowledge and skills are assessed in three colloquia during the 1st and 2nd semesters. At the end of the semester, a student will receive a pass if the average mark of e-tests / e-assignments and points received in colloquia is equal or above mark 4. The examination grade consists of a cumulative mark (an average mark of the e-tests / e-tasks and the marks of the colloquia; if colloquium is taken repeatedly, then the failed ones are also included in the calculation). If the student is not satisfied with the cumulative assessment, then it is possible to take an oral exam (both semester topics included), answering three broad questions and solving one genetic task. The grade obtained in the exam is final, even if it is lower than the cumulative grade.

Cell as the basic unit of the body. Eukaryotic cell building elements, their characteristics, functions, pathology.

Genetic information storage posibilities. DNS. Chromatin. Chromosomes.

Basics of molecular biology. DNA replication. Gene expression: transcription, translation.

Cell cycle, its regulation. Cell division (mitosis, meiosis). Cell death.

Gametogenesis (oogenesis, spermatogenesis). Biological basis of fertilization. Teratogenic effects on embryonic development.

Basics of genetics. Mendelian laws. Mono-, di, poly-hybrid cross. Test-cross. Allelic gene interaction.

Gene interaction. Non-allelic gene interaction. Gene linkage.

Monogenic types of inheritance. Autosomal and sex linked inheritance.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure (analysis of microscopic slides). Defective organelle - cause of human pathology (discussion).

Properties of plasma membrane. Osmotic properties of plant and animal cells (temporary slides).

The nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes. Metaphase plate analysis (microscopic slides).

Mitosis in animal and plant cells (microscopic slides and scheme analysis). Gametogenesis (microscopic slides).

Colloquium (the cell)

Problem solving: Mendelian genetics, gene interactions.

Problem solving: gene interaction, gene linkage.

Analysis of types of inheritance. Group work: construction and analysis of pedigree.

Variability, its impact on the individual and the population. Alterations in genes, chromosomes, and genomes, their consequences.

Role of genes and environment in origin of traits. Multifactorial type of inheritance.

The effect of natural selection and gene drift on the population. Population genetics.

Ecology. Basic branches and methodology of ecological research. Limitations.

Abiotic factors – light, temperature and humidity.

Biomes, types, characteristics.

Populations and biocenoses.

Biological diversity. Basic issues of nature protection.

Alteration on genes, chromosomes, genome. Discussion. Problem solving.

Multifactorial type of inheritatnce. Discussion. Problem solving.

Population genetics. Discussion. Problem solving.

Colloquium (the genetics).

Levels of ecological research. Adaptation of organisms to limiting factors. Situation analysis (tasks in e-studies).

Analysis of biomes, populations, biocenoses. Discussion (tasks in e-studies).

Presentation and discussion of group work “Ecological problems and their solutions”.

Colloquium (the ecology).