Neurology and Neurosurgery

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Individual work	-	-
• To evaluate and interpret the condition of a neurological and neurosurgical patient. • To prepare theoretically for practical classes. • To work independently with literature on neurology.

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Examination	-	-
1. Motivation and activity: • Active participation in classes, quality of oral answers, participation in discussions. 2. Practical neurology: • Ability to perform a neurological examination, to interpret symptoms. 3. Theoretical preparedness: • Quality of test works on topics covered during the cycle. Examination method: Oral and written examination in the 5th year of studies – knowledge of students of topical diagnosis in neurology, neurological injury syndromes, nervous system diseases and aetiology, pathogenesis, clinics, diagnostics, treatment principles and prophylaxis of neurosurgical diseases are tested.

Introduction. Additional examinations in neurology. Functional disorders of the autonomic nervous system. Somatoform and dissociative disorders.

Cerebrovascular diseases. Transient ischaemic attack. Ischaemic stroke. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. Intracerebral haemorrhage. Pathogenesis and risk factors of cerebrovascular diseases. Treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

Neuroinfections. Bacterial meningitis. Aseptic (viral) meningitis. Neuroborreliosis. Tick-borne encephalitis. Herpes simplex encephalitis.

Epilepsy. Status epilepticus. Glasgow coma scale. Differential diagnosis of coma.

Functional disorders of the peripheral nervous system. Polyneuropathies. Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Cognitive deficit and dementias. Transient global amnesia.

Myasthenia gravis. Myasthenic syndromes. Muscle diseases.

Back pain. Non-specific, specific back pain. Radiculopathies. Myelopathies.

Autoimmune and paraneuroplastic neurological syndromes.

Pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of vertigo syndrome.

Head injury. Hydrocephalus.

Neurooncology. Brain tumours. Surgical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

Examination of neurological condition. Simplified testing of cognitive condition. Neurological terminology.

Central and peripheral palsies. Central motor neuron. Peripheral motor neuron. Palsy of central and peripheral mimic muscles. Reflex arc. Examination of the sphere of movements.

Types of sensibility. Sensory conduction systems (pathways): superficial and deep sensory conduction systems. Types of sensibility disorders. Types of spinal cord injuries. Complete or incomplete transverse injury of the spinal cord. Cauda equina syndrome.

Cranial nerves. Symptoms of injury of cranial nerves and the brainstem, their examination. Bulbar and pseudobulbar syndrome. Consensual eye movement regulation. Conjugate gaze palsies. Vestibular syndrome.

Types of aphasia. Motor, sensory, Wernicke's, Broca’s, conduction, transcortical, amnestic aphasia. Clinical and Boston classification. Agnosia, apraxia, denial syndrome. Symptoms of the frontal lobe injury. Symptoms of the parietal lobe injury. Symptoms of the temporal lobe injury. Symptoms of the occipital lobe injury.

Movement disorders. Extrapyramidal system and its lesion syndromes. Hyperkinesis, Parkinson’s syndrome and Parkinson’s disease.

Symptoms of cerebellar injury and its clinical examination. Gait disorders. Types of ataxia. Differential diagnostics of vertigo syndrome. Knowledge test. Topical diagnostics.

Aetiology and clinical manifestations of plexus brachialis injury syndromes. Neuropathies in the upper extremity and their most common aetiology: Injury of n.medianus. Injury of n.ulnaris. Injury of n.radialis. Aetiology and clinical manifestations of plexus lumbosacralis injury syndromes. Neuropathies in the lower extremity and their most common aetiology: Injury of n.ishiadicus. Injury of n.femoralis. Injury of n.peroneus. Injury of n.tibialis.

Additional examination methods in neurology.

Cerebrovascular diseases. Transient ischaemic attack. Ischaemic stroke. NIHSS, Rankin scale. TOAST classification. Exclusion syndromes of different arteries – ACI, ACM, ACA, AChA, ACP, AB, AB branches, cerebellar arteries. Revascularisation treatment in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Secondary prevention principles. CHA2DS2-Vasc and HAS-BLED scales.

Haemorrhagic stroke. Intracerebral haematoma. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. Risk factors, aetiology, pathogenesis and treatment. Spinal infarction and spinal non-traumatic haemorrhage. Clinical picture and treatment principles.

Headache. International classification of headaches (ICHD-3). Migraine. Tension headache. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia. Painful cranial neuropathies. Secondary headaches.

Epilepsy. Differential diagnosis of paroxysmal conditions. Syncope.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Diseases of the neuromyelitis optica spectrum. Multiple sclerosis. McDonald criteria. Diseases of motor neurons. Knowledge test. Neurological diseases.

Solution of case studies and situations. Neurological examination and interpretation of results. Knowledge test at the end of the course.

Skull fractures. Severe head injury, its treatment principles.

CNS tumours, treatment tactics.

Surgical treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.

Degenerative muscle diseases. Hydrocephalus.