Introduction to Psychosomatics
Study Course Implementer
Riga, 30 Kristapa Street, pmpk@rsu.lv, +371 67210989
About Study Course
Objective
The objective of the study course is to promote the acquisition of knowledge about the regularities of human psychic functioning and the interaction of psychic and somatic processes.
Preliminary Knowledge
An idea of the dual, natural-scientific and humanitarian nature of psychic processes.
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge
1.Analyse the role of psychiatric factors in somatic diseases.
2.Assess the psychodynamic aspects of pharmacological therapy.
3.Describe psychosomatic disorders and disease ethypopatogenesis.
4.To name and express themselves as basic principles of communication.
Skills
1.Students will be able to briefly describe the etiopatogenesis of cases of psychosomatic patients, explain the possibilities for using the placebo effect.
2.Demonstrate basic elements of therapeutic contact.
Competences
1.Students will be able to analyse the role of biological, emotional and social factors in the aetiology and pathogenesis of diseases.
Assessment
Individual work
|
Title
|
% from total grade
|
Grade
|
|---|---|---|
|
1.
Analysis |
-
|
-
|
|
Analysis of patient case descriptions. |
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|
2.
Study course evaluation questionnaire |
-
|
-
|
|
In order to evaluate the quality of the study course as a whole, the student must complete the study course evaluation questionnaire on the student portal. |
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Examination
|
Title
|
% from total grade
|
Grade
|
|---|---|---|
|
1.
Knowledge |
75.00% from total grade
|
10 points
|
|
I. Knowledge: ability to define 75%: 1. Patient mental health criteria (15%) 2. Mental protection mechanisms for patients (15%) 3. Patient personality function levels (15%) 4. Origin of psychosomatic disorders and diseases, psychodynamic understanding of the symptom (15%) 5. Contact, its principles in the work of a pharmacist (dual role – patient/customer) (15%). |
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|
2.
Skills |
25.00% from total grade
|
10 points
|
|
II. Skills: 1. Basics of developing a pharmacist-patient-client relationship 25%. |
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|
3.
Mid-semester examination |
50.00% from total grade
|
10 points
|
|
Final assessment is cumulative. It consists of: 1. Mid-semester examination (50%). At the discretion of the teaching staff:
|
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|
4.
Final test |
50.00% from total grade
|
10 points
|
|
2. Final examination (50%) – an electronised, e-study accessible or face-to-face multi-answer test on topics discussed within the course. It is possible to count the automatic final test against the following criteria:
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Study Course Theme Plan
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Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
2
|
Topics
|
Psychic defence mechanisms.
1. Immature (primary) psychic defence mechanisms.
2. Mature (secondary) psychic defence mechanisms.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Affect theory. Emotions, affects, their physiological role, psychophysiological classification. The role of emotions in the somatisation process. Emotional intelligence.
1. Innate emotions.
2. Adequate and inadequate expression of emotions.
3. The importance of emotions in the view of evolutionary theory.
4. Somatic expressions of affects – the process of somatisation as a form of modern communication.
5. The importance and expressions of emotional intelligence.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Biopsychosocial model in medicine, main psychosomatic theories, concept of alexitymia. Stress, its types. Somatization.
1. Mental, social and biological causes of disease (WHO).
2. Bio-psycho-pathological vulnerability model: the effect of early childhood emotional distress on the risk of developing emotional and somatic disorders in adulthood (Egle and Hardt research findings).
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Concept of personality. Topographical and structural model of the functioning of the psyche. Personality development from the perspective of different theories.
1. Personality definitions.
2. Understanding personality in classic Freud theory.
3. Understanding personality in modern psychodynamic theory.
4. Comparing personality theories in a psychotherapeutic view.
5. The notion of personality disorder: patterns of conflict and deficit.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Psychosexual and epigenetic theory of development, psychosocial crises. Ego psychology. Psychology of self. Personality development from the perspective of various theories (E.Erickson, H.Kohut, M.Mahler). Object relations theory. The role of mother-child relationships in the child’s mental development, the emotional aspects of breast feeding.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Personality functioning levels. Neurotic, borderline, psychotic functioning level: identity, contact with reality, psychic defense mechanisms, internal conflict and the ability to build relationships.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Personality types and disorders – depressive and manic, narcissistic, obsessive and compulsive, hysterical (histrionic), dissociative, addictive, masochistic: leading affects, psychic defense mechanisms, coping strategies, internal conflict, object relations; characteristics of patient/client-pharmacist relationship.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Personality types and disorders – schizoid, paranoid, anti-social personality: leading affects, psychic defense mechanisms, coping strategies, internal conflict, object relations; characteristics of patient/client-pharmacist relationship.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
The concept of psychotherapy. Goals. Indications. Contraindications. Psychotherapy theories. Introduction to psychotherapy process (evaluation phase, initial treatment phase, development phase, termination phase).
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Transference, contransference, resistance - their role in psychotherapy and therapeutic alliance. Psychotherapist – patient relationship.
Basic principles of contact between pharmacist and patient/customer. Role-play.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Psychodynamic (psychoanalytic) psychotherapy. Supportive psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy. Individual, couples, family, group psychotherapy. Child and adolescent psychotherapy.
Differences between different types of therapy, their applications.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Psychic defence mechanisms.
1. Immature (primary) psychic defence mechanisms.
2. Mature (secondary) psychic defence mechanisms.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Affect theory. Emotions, affects, their physiological role, psychophysiological classification. The role of emotions in the somatisation process. Emotional intelligence.
1. Innate emotions.
2. Adequate and inadequate expression of emotions.
3. The importance of emotions in the view of evolutionary theory.
4. Somatic expressions of affects – the process of somatisation as a form of modern communication.
5. The importance and expressions of emotional intelligence.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Biopsychosocial model in medicine, main psychosomatic theories, concept of alexitymia. Stress, its types. Somatization.
1. Mental, social and biological causes of disease (WHO).
2. Bio-psycho-pathological vulnerability model: the effect of early childhood emotional distress on the risk of developing emotional and somatic disorders in adulthood (Egle and Hardt research findings).
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Concept of personality. Topographical and structural model of the functioning of the psyche. Personality development from the perspective of different theories.
1. Personality definitions.
2. Understanding personality in classic Freud theory.
3. Understanding personality in modern psychodynamic theory.
4. Comparing personality theories in a psychotherapeutic view.
5. The notion of personality disorder: patterns of conflict and deficit.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Psychosexual and epigenetic theory of development, psychosocial crises. Ego psychology. Psychology of self. Personality development from the perspective of various theories (E.Erickson, H.Kohut, M.Mahler). Object relations theory. The role of mother-child relationships in the child’s mental development, the emotional aspects of breast feeding.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Psychosexual and epigenetic theory of development, psychosocial crises. Ego psychology. Psychology of self. Personality development from the perspective of various theories (E.Erickson, H.Kohut, M.Mahler). Object relations theory. The role of mother-child relationships in the child’s mental development, the emotional aspects of breast feeding.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Personality functioning levels. Neurotic, borderline, psychotic functioning level: identity, contact with reality, psychic defense mechanisms, internal conflict and the ability to build relationships.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Personality types and disorders – depressive and manic, narcissistic, obsessive and compulsive, hysterical (histrionic), dissociative, addictive, masochistic: leading affects, psychic defense mechanisms, coping strategies, internal conflict, object relations; characteristics of patient/client-pharmacist relationship.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Personality types and disorders – schizoid, paranoid, anti-social personality: leading affects, psychic defense mechanisms, coping strategies, internal conflict, object relations; characteristics of patient/client-pharmacist relationship.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Personality types and disorders – schizoid, paranoid, anti-social personality: leading affects, psychic defense mechanisms, coping strategies, internal conflict, object relations; characteristics of patient/client-pharmacist relationship.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
The concept of psychotherapy. Goals. Indications. Contraindications. Psychotherapy theories. Introduction to psychotherapy process (evaluation phase, initial treatment phase, development phase, termination phase).
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Transference, contransference, resistance - their role in psychotherapy and therapeutic alliance. Psychotherapist – patient relationship.
Basic principles of contact between pharmacist and patient/customer. Role-play.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Auditorium
|
3
|
Topics
|
Psychodynamic (psychoanalytic) psychotherapy. Supportive psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy. Individual, couples, family, group psychotherapy. Child and adolescent psychotherapy.
Differences between different types of therapy, their applications.
|
Bibliography
Required Reading
Utināns A. Cilvēka psihe. Tās darbība, funkcionēšanas traucējumi un ārstēšanas iespējas. Nacionālais apgāds. 2005. 205.-568. lpp. (akceptējams izdevums)
Ancāne, G. Hronisku sāpju stāvokļu psihosomatiska izpratne. //Latvijas Ārsts. 2004. Nr1. 40.-43. lpp. (akceptējams izdevums)
Additional Reading
Ancāne, G., Smite, D. Die Bedeutung emotionaler Belastung für das Schmerz- syndrom bei Patienten mit chronischem Kreuzschmerz. Ärztliche Psychotherapie 1/ 2011., 49.-54. lpp.Suitable for English stream
Ancāne, G. Ķermeņa un psihes saistība. //Psiholoģijas Pasaule. 2004. Nr.1, 38.-43. lpp.
Empathy fatigue in clinicians rises with latest COVID-19 surge, 16.09.2021Suitable for English stream
German survey on assisted suicide: how to handle this? Where should caution be exercised?, 16.09.2022Suitable for English stream
What happens when doctors and patients interrupt each other?, 23.11.2022Suitable for English stream