Medical Microbiology and Immunology

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Individual work	-	-
As part of Part 1 of the course, students are required to prepare 7 MCQ tests based on the topics covered in the practical sessions of the course. Students can use the resources available on e-studies, including study materials, videos on practical tasks and skills, materials on the immune response and video lectures on specific topics.
2. Individual work	-	-
Each student must prepare 4 presentations independently during the course part 2- diagnostic diagrams of infectious disease, according to the course topics, using materials prepared by the Department: patient clinical cases and situation tasks, acquisition of clinical material, proper transport to the laboratory, diagnostic circuits, pathogenic agent identification methods. During the practical class, the student presents his/her prepared clinical case on the relevant topic, presents identification methods for diagnostic algorithms and pathogenic agents. During the practical class, the independent work prepared by the student is evaluated. In order to evaluate the quality of the study course as a whole, the student must complete the study course evaluation questionnaire on the student portal.

Title	% from total grade	Grade
1. Test	-	10 points
• Regular attendance at lectures, demonstration lectures and practical classes, active participation in practical classes. • Successful completion of mid-semester examinations. • Successful completion of 2 colloquia including a test of theoretical knowledge and skills.• If these requirements are met, students will successfully complete the Part 1 of the course. • At the end of Part 2 of the course, successful completion of 4 colloquia, attendance of practical classes and fulfilment of practical work requirements, a cumulative assessment will be made taking into account all the above assessment criteria for Part 1 and Part 2 of the course. The average grade of the colloquia will count for 80%, the average grade of the regular tests will count for 20%, and the resulting grade will be multiplied by the attendance rate of the demo lectures and practical classes. • If a student scores at least 4 points in the cumulative assessment, this will be the same as the final assessment. If the cumulative assessment is below 4 points, the student must take the final examination of the course - an oral examination with the Teaching Staff Commission. The examination includes a test of theoretical knowledge and questions on the subjects covered in the practical classes.

Introduction to medical microbiology. Groups of micro-organisms, taxonomy, classification. The structure of the bacterial cell- the cell wall, capsule, endospores and sporulation, flagella, pili.

Organisation of work in a microbiology laboratory. Preparation of microscopic samples. Simple staining methods. Gram's method of staining. Microscopy of basic bacterial forms.

Organisation of work in a microbiology laboratory. Preparation of microscopic samples. Simple staining methods. Gram's method of staining. Microscopy of basic bacterial forms.

Atypical bacteria, their role in pathology. Fungi-yeasts, moulds, their morphology and properties. Viruses, structure, replication, properties.The causative agents of parasitic infections, their morphology, properties and classification.

Bacterial metabolism. Bacterial growth and multiplication. Regulation of metabolic pathways. Bacterial colonies, formation of biofilms

Cultivation techniques of bacteria. Growth factors. Culture media. Cultivation of anaerobic bacteria, methods. Techniques for isolation of pure bacterial cultures. Techniques for identification of pathogenic bacteria. Nature of bacterial growth on culture media. Detection of biochemical properties of bacteria. Serodetection techniques.

Cultivation techniques of bacteria. Growth factors. Culture media. Cultivation of anaerobic bacteria, methods. Techniques for isolation of pure bacterial cultures. Techniques for identification of pathogenic bacteria. Nature of bacterial growth on culture media. Detection of biochemical properties of bacteria. Serodetection techniques.

The microbiota, the microbiome, its role in normality and pathology of the human body. Methods of microbiome assessment, skin and oral microbiota assessment. The importance of environmental microbiota. Assessment of air and water microbiota.

The microbiota, the microbiome, its role in normality and pathology of the human body. Methods of microbiome assessment, skin and oral microbiota assessment. The importance of environmental microbiota. Assessment of air and water microbiota.

Antibiotics. Mechanisms of action of antibiotics. Resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Mechanisms of resistance. Methods of determining the susceptibility of micro-organisms to antibiotics. Sterilisation, methods of sterilisation. Disinfection, methods of disinfection.

Antibiotics. Mechanisms of action of antibiotics. Resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Mechanisms of resistance. Methods of determining the susceptibility of micro-organisms to antibiotics. Sterilisation, methods of sterilisation. Disinfection, methods of disinfection.

Summary and review of the principles, significance, theoretical knowledge and skills of medical microbiology. Description Colloquium consists of 40 questions: 39 multiple choice questions and 1 open question. The time limit is 60 minutes.

Types of interaction between micro-organisms and macro-organisms. Bacterial virulence factors, their role in infection. Description of the infection process. Transmission of infection.

Innate immunity – general and cellular factors – phagocytosis, inflammation. TLR receptors, their role and mechanisms of action. Humoral factors of the innate immunity – complement system, pathways of activation, their role in the activation of the adaptive immunity.

Innate immunity – general and cellular factors – phagocytosis, inflammation. TLR receptors, their role and mechanisms of action. Humoral factors of the innate immunity – complement system, pathways of activation, their role in the activation of the adaptive immunity.

Innate immunity – general and cellular factors – phagocytosis, inflammation. TLR receptors, their role and mechanisms of action. Humoral factors of the innate immunity – complement system, pathways of activation, their role in the activation of the adaptive immunity.

Antigens, Types, Classification and Properties. Structure of antigens. MHC - Class I and Class II antigens, characterisation, properties and role in activating the immune response. Antibodies, characteristics, properties and functions. Primary and secondary structure of antibodies. Immunoglobulins, their classes and role in the immune response.

Principles of serodiagnosis. Types of serological reactions. Immune sera. Agglutination reactions. Precipitation reactions. Labeled AG and AB reactions (immunofluorescence, immunoenzymatic reactions). Polymerase and ligase chain reactions.

Principles of serodiagnosis. Types of serological reactions. Immune sera. Agglutination reactions. Precipitation reactions. Labeled AG and AB reactions (immunofluorescence, immunoenzymatic reactions). Polymerase and ligase chain reactions.

T lymphocytes, their histogenesis, characteristics and properties. T lymphocyte subpopulations and their role in adaptive immunity. Activation of T lymphocytes.

Antigen presenting cells - B lymphocytes, macrophages, their differentiation and role in the immune response. Activation of B lymphocytes and antibody production. Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Cytokines.

Antigen presenting cells - B lymphocytes, macrophages, their differentiation and role in the immune response. Activation of B lymphocytes and antibody production. Primary and secondary humoral immune responses. Cytokines.

Cellular immune response, its mechanism. NK cells. Antiviral immune response. Role of antitoxic, antifungal and anticapsular immune responses in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases: mechanisms of action and results.

Cellular immune response, its mechanism. NK cells. Antiviral immune response. Role of antitoxic, antifungal and anticapsular immune responses in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases: mechanisms of action and results.

Hypersensitivity, characteristics, types of reactions and their mechanisms of action. Allergens, their properties and classification.

Normal immune response, immunopathology. Practical application of the immune response in immunisation, principles of immune prevention, mechanisms.

Normal immune response, immunopathology. Practical application of the immune response in immunisation, principles of immune prevention, mechanisms.

Summary of principles of medical immunology and serology. Theory and practical skills and assessment. Description Colloquium consists of 40 questions: 39 multiple choice questions and 1 open question. The time limit is 60 minutes.

Infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae, pathogenicity and their role in the pathogenesis of infections.

Algorithm of bacteriological examination of blood, faeces and urine.

Pathogenic cocci, their role in the etiology of infections.

The role of anaerobic bacteria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, in the etiology and pathogenesis of infections.

Bacteriological, serological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of enteric bacteria.

Bacteriological, serological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of diseases caused by staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci and meningococci. Description Structure of the colloquia: Two clinical (patient) cases with 4 MCQ questions and 4 open-ended sub-questions (for each clinical case)

Spirochetes. Mycoplasma. Chlamydia. Their role in etiology and pathogenesis of infections.

Spirochetes. Mycoplasma. Chlamydia. Their role in etiology and pathogenesis of infections.

Algorithm for the microbiological diagnosis of pus, sputum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Mycobacteria. Actinomycetes. Microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis, actinomycosis, diphtheria and anaerobic bacteria.

Pathogenic fungi. Mycoses.

Microbiological diagnosis of syphilis, borreliosis. Microbiological diagnosis of chlamidiosis and mycoplasmosis. Diagnosis of dermatophytes and candidiasis

The summary and evaluation of the role, pathogenesis, diagnostics, prevention and antibacterial treatment bacterial and fungal infections. The bacteriological, serological and molecular methods used for examination of clinical material. Description Structure of the colloquia: Two clinical (patient) cases with 4 MCQ questions and 4 open-ended sub-questions (for each clinical case)

The summary and evaluation of the role, pathogenesis, diagnostics, prevention and antibacterial treatment bacterial and fungal infections. The bacteriological, serological and molecular methods used for examination of clinical material. Description Structure of the colloquia: Two clinical (patient) cases with 4 MCQ questions and 4 open-ended sub-questions (for each clinical case)

Viral, serological and molecular diagnostic methods used for the diagnosis of viral infections.

Influenza and parainfluenza viruses. Herpes viruses. Adenoviruses, coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses. Diagnosis and prevention.

Influenza and parainfluenza viruses. Herpes viruses. Adenoviruses, coronaviruses and other respiratory viruses. Diagnosis and prevention.

Enteroviruses. Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E viruses. Diagnosis and prevention.

Enteroviruses. Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E viruses. Diagnosis and prevention.

Neurotropic viruses. Slow viral infections. Oncoviruses. HIV.AIDS. Diagnosis and prevention.

Neurotropic viruses. Slow viral infections. Oncoviruses. HIV.AIDS. Diagnosis and prevention.

The summary and evaluation of viral infections, their causative agents, pathogenesis, diagnostic methods and prevention. Description Structure of the colloquia: Two clinical (patient) cases with 4 MCQ questions and 4 open-ended sub-questions (for each clinical case)

The parasitic infections, their spread, invasiveness, the role of the final and intermediate host, the infective stage. Methods of diagnosis and prevention.

Helminths - their role in the etiology of parasitic infections. Diagnostic methods and prevention.

Helminths - their role in the etiology of parasitic infections. Diagnostic methods and prevention.

Parasitic protozoa, infections, diagnosis and prevention.

Parasitic protozoa, infections, diagnosis and prevention.

The summary and evaluation of parasitic infections, their causative agents, diagnostic methods and prevention. Description Structure of the colloquia: Two clinical (patient) cases with 4 MCQ questions and 4 open-ended sub-questions (for each clinical case)