Veidlapa Nr. M-3 (8)
Study Course Description
Infectious Diseases and Laboratory Medicine
Course Code
IUDK_033
Branch of Science
Clinical medicine; Infectious diseases
ECTS
6.00
Target Audience
Medicine
LQF
Level 7
Study Type And Form
Full-Time
Study Course Implementer
Course Supervisor
Ludmila Vīksna
Structure Unit Manager
Ludmila Vīksna
Structural Unit
Department of Infectology
Contacts
Riga, 3 Linezera Street, idk@rsu.lv, +371 67014777
About Study Course
Objective
The objective of the infectious disease course is to facilitate the acquisition of theoretical and practical knowledge of the aetiology and developmental mechanisms of infectious diseases in the human body, linking them to clinical manifestations, basic approaches to treatment and possibilities of specific and aetiological therapies, prevention of infectious diseases, limiting their spread and of their impact on a person’s quality of life and public health.
The aim of the laboratory medicine course is to facilitate the acquisition of theoretical and practical knowledge of laboratory medicine, including biosafety; to understand the basics, principles and methods of biomaterial and external environment analysis; to be able to evaluate the choice, quality and value of the biomaterial to be analysed for the purpose of laboratory examination; to be able to select and evaluate the range of laboratory tests for a pathology of specific systems and organs of the patient; to select and interpret the results of tests for infectious agents; to be able to design selection of laboratory tests, sequence of analysis and interpret results for a particular patient.
Preliminary Knowledge
Physics, anatomy, biochemistry, biology, parasitology, normal and pathological physiology, microbiology, immunology, propaedeutics, internal diseases and pharmacology.
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge
1.Infectious diseases: Students will be able to characterise and classify infectious diseases by their etiological factor, their association with pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, their potential for spread and the risk they pose to the individual and public health; describe and identify specific, typical, pathogenic and other symptoms; explain the examination programme and systematise the methods; formulate and explain general principles of therapy; link the stages of the health care plan to personalised health care; explain the principles of modern specific prevention, applying both to the public and the individual. Laboratory medicine: Students will be able to describe the role and importance of laboratory medicine in the diagnosis and assessment of the course of the disease, in relation to the etiological factor, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations; to promote understanding of theoretical and practical aspects of biosecurity; be able to determine the benefits of the selected biomaterial and the value of the chosen method; to describe and identify specific, typical, pathogenetic and other laboratory characteristics; establish an examination plan and systematise laboratory methods for each individual; formulate and explain the general principles and values of the method chosen for the individual; link the stages of the health care plan to personalised health care; explain the principles of modern specific examinations, applying both to the public and the individual.
Skills
1.Infectious diseases: Students will be able to plan medical activities aimed at diagnosing and treating an individual’s disease; be able to implement the plan drawn up considering anamnesis, laboratory examination and other data; be able to evaluate data obtained from physical examination; be able to integrate laboratory examination into the diagnostic design of a disease; plan the preventive measures needed to control the spread of the disease. Laboratory medicine: Students will be able to develop a plan for medical laboratory activities aimed at diagnosing and treating an individual’s disease; to implement the plan drawn up taking into account medical history, clinical manifestations, epidemiological features, results of previous laboratory examinations and other data; to evaluate the data obtained in the laboratory examination; to integrate the results of laboratory examinations into the diagnostic design of the disease; to plan further investigative measures necessary to assess the course of the disease and determine the patient’s state of health.
Competences
1.Infectious diseases: To apply basic knowledge of reasoning, logic, and rhetoric in order to analyse situations found in practical infectology, to discuss, explain one’s opinion, and constructively promote achievement of professional goals and fulfilment of specific tasks for ensuring individual and public health; successfully communicate with patients, patient’s relatives and colleagues in the areas of prevention, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases; to cooperate professionally with patients, patient’s relatives and colleagues in a spirit of dignity, with due respect for medical ethics, patient rights and epidemiological safety; to study independently and use the e-medical environment to interact with students and colleagues; to demonstrate and develop oneself as an emerging health professional and health promoter in the context of specific and non-specific prevention of infectious diseases. Laboratory medicine: To apply basic knowledge of reasoning, logic, and rhetoric in order to analyse situations found in laboratory medicine, to discuss, explain one’s opinion, and constructively promote achievement of professional goals and fulfilment of specific tasks for ensuring individual and public health; successfully communicate with colleagues and patients in the areas of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment; to cooperate professionally with colleagues and patients in a spirit of dignity, with due respect for medical ethics, patient rights and epidemiological safety; to study independently and use the e-medical environment to interact with students and colleagues; to demonstrate and develop oneself as an emerging health professional and health promoter in the context of specific and non-specific prevention.
Assessment
Individual work
|
Title
|
% from total grade
|
Grade
|
|---|---|---|
|
1.
Individual work |
-
|
-
|
|
Previous preparation for respective topics of classes. Independent work – a report on the selected topic.
|
||
Examination
|
Title
|
% from total grade
|
Grade
|
|---|---|---|
|
1.
Examination |
-
|
-
|
|
Independent work – a report, assessment criteria – compliance of the content of the work with the selected topic (25%), independent work contributed by the student (25%), level of the student’s knowledge (25%), which is assessed by discussing the independent work with the lecturer, presentation of the work (25%).
Examination: practical class attendance and evaluation of an independent work - 50%, written exam (50%), which consists of a theoretical question (20%) on the acquired topic and interpretation of one clinical case (30%).
|
||
Study Course Theme Plan
FULL-TIME
Part 1
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Infectology: definitions, concepts, classification, principles of health care. Principles of diagnosis, therapy and prevention of infectious diseases. Infectology in the 21st century.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Immunology of infectious diseases: non-specific and specialised.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Acute respiratory diseases: agents, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment, prognosis.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Tuberculosis: classification, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, approaches to therapy, evaluation of the therapeutic results, prognosis.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
HIV infection/AIDS – diagnosis, description of the clinical course, treatment. Indicator diseases, opportunistic diseases.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Viral hepatitis: agents, diagnosis, variants of the clinical course. Treatment possibilities. Prognosis.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Intestinal infections: classification, clinical course, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, approaches to therapy, prognosis.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Parasitic infections: classification, diversity of clinical course, diagnosis, approaches to therapy.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Traveller and tropical infections.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Neuroinfections: classification, clinical course, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, approaches to therapy, prognosis.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Infections caused by herpes viruses. Clinical association with a specific herpes virus. Chronic fatigue syndrome: facts and hypotheses.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Infections associated with the introduction of foreign bodies (prosthesis, mesh, implants, etc.). Biofilm infections.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Microbiological criteria for food products and environmental objects and organisation of laboratory control as prevention of infectious diseases.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Processes of infectious diseases in special patient groups: immunosuppressed patients, seniors, children infections in adults, etc.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Infectious diseases acquired in healthcare: agents, diagnosis, therapy, prognosis.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Introduction to laboratory medicine.
Types and characteristics of biomaterial. Selection of examination procedures and brief overview of medical laboratory technologies.
Laboratory examination stages – pre-examination (requirements for sampling and transportation, patient preparation for sampling and staff precautions), examination (testing) process, and post-examination (test results, reference and critical values and clinical interpretation).
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Principles of examination and selection of biomaterials for intended/planned/expected outcome (diagnosis, disease).
Basics of laboratory work standardisation, essence of medical laboratory accreditation.
Biorisks.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Laboratory diagnosis of digestive system (incl. liver), kidney and urinary tract, lung, skin and its derivatives, reproductive system diseases. Principles of selection of tests and biomaterials and clinical interpretation of the obtained test results.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Laboratory diagnostics of heart, circulatory and lymphatic system, nervous system, endocrinological diseases. Laboratory diagnostics of immunological, hematologic, oncological and genetic diseases. Principles of selection of tests and biomaterials and clinical interpretation of the obtained test results.
|
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Specialized room
|
4
|
Topics
|
Laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases. Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections. Principles of selection of tests and biomaterials and clinical interpretation of the obtained test results.
Investigation of objects of the external environment in the context of human (and animal) infections.
|
Total ECTS (Creditpoints):
6.00
Contact hours:
80 Academic Hours
Final Examination:
Exam
Bibliography
Required Reading
1.
Bennett J.E., Dolin R.l., Blaser Mandell M. J., Douglas, and Bennett's. 2020. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th.ed. Elsevier. ClinicalKey. Iegūts no via: ClinicalKey
2.
Vīksna L. Infekcijas slimības. Rīga: Medicīnas apgāds; 2011. (akceptējams izdevums)
3.
Maxine A. Papadakis, Stephen J. McPhee, Michael W. Rabow Lange. 2022. Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment. 61th ed. USA: McGraw Hill. Access Medicine. Iegūts no: via Access Medicine
4.
Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2022. Clinical Advisor Elsevier. ClinicalKey. Iegūts no via: ClinicalKey
5.
Cilvēka imūndeficīta vīrusa (HIV) infekcijas diagnostikas, ārstēšanas un profilakses klīniskās vadlīnijas. 2014. Pieejams tiešsaistē: https://www.vmnvd.gov.lv/lv/cilveka-imundeficita-virusa-hiv-infekcijas-diagnostikas-arstesanas-un-profilakses-kliniskas-vadlinijas
6.
Vīrushepatīta B diagnostikas un etiotropās ārstēšanas vadlīnijas. 2011. (akceptējams izdevums) Pieejams tiešsaistē: https://www.vmnvd.gov.lv/lv/virushepatita-b-diagnostikas-un-etiotropas-arstesanas-vadlinijas
7.
Madhukar Pai, Marcel A. Behr, David Dowdy, et.al. 2016. Tuberculosis. Nature reviews. 27October. PubMed. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201676
8.
CDC Yellow Book 2014: Health Information for International Travel, Oxford University Press. Ebsco. Iegūts no via: Ebsco
9.
Robert Rich, Thomas Fleisher, William Shearer ,Harry Schroeder, Anthony Frew, Cornelia Weyand. 2022. Clinical Immunology, Principles and Practice; 5th ed. Elsevier. ClinicalKey. Iegūts no : via: ClinicalKey.
10.
Arash Aalirezaie, Afshin Anoushiravani, James Cashman, David Choon, et.al. 2019. General Assembly, Prevention, Host Risk Mitigation – Local Factors: Proceedings of International Consensus on Orthopedic Infections. The Journal of Arthroplasty. Feb;34(2S):S37-S41. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883540318308349?via%3Dihub
11.
Richard A. McPherson, MD, MSc and Matthew R. Pincus, MD, PhD.2022. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis And Management By Laboratory Methods,24 th.ed. Elsevier. ClinicalKey. Iegūts no via: ClinicalKey
12.
Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, Amy L. Leber, ASM Press, 2016, p. 2954
13.
Laboratory quality management system: handbook. 2011. World Health Organization. (akceptējams izdevums) Pieejams tiešsaistē: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241548274
14.
Ārvalstu studentiem/For international students:
15.
Bennett J.E., Dolin R.l., Blaser Mandell M. J., Douglas, and Bennett's. 2020. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 8th.ed. Elsevier. ClinicalKey. Iegūts no via: ClinicalKey
16.
Maxine A. Papadakis, Stephen J. McPhee, Michael W. Rabow Lange.2 022. Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment. 61th ed. USA: McGraw Hill. Access Medicine. Iegūts no: via Access Medicine
17.
Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2023. Clinical Advisor Elsevier. ClinicalKey. Iegūts no via: ClinicalKey
18.
CDC Yellow Book 2014: Health Information for International Travel, Oxford University Press. Ebsco. Iegūts no via: Ebsco
19.
Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, Amy L. Leber, ASM Press, 2016, p. 2954
Additional Reading
1.
HIV/AIDS quidelines 2022. Pieejams tiešsaistē: https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines
2.
EACS quidelines European AIDS clinical society 2021. Pieejams tiešsaistē: https://www.eacsociety.org/guidelines/eacs-guidelines/
3.
Biorisk management. Laboratory biosecurity guidance. 2006. WHO WHO/CDS/EPR/2006.6. Pieejams tiešsaistē: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/69390
4.
Fredricks, D.N.2013. The Human Microbiota : How Microbial Communities Affect Health and Disease. John Wiley& Sons. Proquest Ebook Central. Iegūts no via: Proquest Ebook Central
5.
J Michael Miller, Matthew J Binnicker, Sheldon Campbell. 2018 A Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2018 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 67(6) PubMed. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7108105/
6.
Guder W.G.2015. Pre- Examination Procedures in Laboratory Diagnostics: preanalytical Aspects and Their Impact on the Quality of Medical Laboratory Results.De Gruyter. Proquest Ebook Central. Iegūts no via: Proquest Ebook Central
7.
Guidance on regulations for the transport of infectious substances 2019–2020.2019. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2019 (WHO/WHE/CPI/2019.20). https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-WHE-CPI-2019.20
8.
Kessel M.2014 Neglected Diseases, Delinquent Diagnostics. Science Translational Medicine. 6(226) PubMed. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24598586/
Other Information Sources
1.
Practical Laboratory Medicine, Journal, Co Editors-in-Chief: William Clarke, Mike J. Hallworth, ISSN: 2352-5517
3.
The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, The Official Publication of the Central Society for Clinical Research https://www.elsevier.com/journals/the-journal-of-laboratory-and-clinical-medicine
4.
Journal of Cytology & Molecular Biology (JCMB) http://www.avensonline.org/biology/cytology-molecular-biology-biology/home-22/
5.
Laboratory Biosafety Manual http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/biosafety/Biosafety7.pdf?ua=1
6.
WHO European Guidance on standards for infectious diseases laboratories http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/133457/e94772v2.pdf
7.
Alert, response, and capacity building under the International Health Regulations (IHR) – http://www.who.int/ihr/lyon/hls/en/
8.
Laboratory Quality Stepwise Implementation tool – http://www.who.int/ihr/lyon/hls_lqsi/en/