Personality Psychology

What is personality? What are individual differences? Why are people different? The subject of personality psychology and the psychology of individual differences. The mothic and idiographic approach. The place of individual difference psychology in psychology science. Key research traditions and central research issues of differential psychology.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the subject matter of personality psychology and individual differences psychology, key basic concepts and central research issues. Personality and individual differences as subjects of research into modern psychology science are explained, the place of personality psychology and differential psychology in psychology science is looked at, as is the motto and idiographic approach to exploring individual differences. Students acquaint themselves with the importance of empirical research and the basic principles of scientific research of personality and individual differences, forming an understanding of the importance of the scientific approach to personality psychology. The topic provides a conceptual basis for further learning of personality psychology theories, individual differences explanatory models, and personality research approaches.

What is personality? What are individual differences? Why are people different? The subject of personality psychology and the psychology of individual differences. The mothic and idiographic approach. The place of individual difference psychology in psychology science. Key research traditions and central research issues of differential psychology.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the subject matter of personality psychology and individual differences psychology, key basic concepts and central research issues. Personality and individual differences as subjects of research into modern psychology science are explained, the place of personality psychology and differential psychology in psychology science is looked at, as is the motto and idiographic approach to exploring individual differences. Students acquaint themselves with the importance of empirical research and the basic principles of scientific research of personality and individual differences, forming an understanding of the importance of the scientific approach to personality psychology. The topic provides a conceptual basis for further learning of personality psychology theories, individual differences explanatory models, and personality research approaches.

Personality or situation. Heredity or environment. Stability or change. Freedom or determinism. Universal or individual.

Within the scope of the topic, students acquaint themselves with the main theoretical issues of personality psychology, which form the conceptual basis of different personality theories and different approaches in explaining individual differences. Scientific discussions on the relative role of personality and situation in interpreting human behaviour, the contribution of heredity and environment to personality formation processes, personality stability and changes over life, and the role of free will and determinism in interpreting human behaviour are discussed. At the same time, the universal and individual aspects of personality are analysed, explaining how general psychological legalities manifest themselves in each individual’s unique personality structure. The topic promotes understanding of the underlying assumptions of different personality theories, their empirical rationale and methodological limitations, developing students’ ability to critically evaluate theoretical approaches to modern personality psychology.

Personality or situation. Heredity or environment. Stability or change. Freedom or determinism. Universal or individual.

Within the scope of the topic, students acquaint themselves with the main theoretical issues of personality psychology, which form the conceptual basis of different personality theories and different approaches in explaining individual differences. Scientific discussions on the relative role of personality and situation in interpreting human behaviour, the contribution of heredity and environment to personality formation processes, personality stability and changes over life, and the role of free will and determinism in interpreting human behaviour are discussed. At the same time, the universal and individual aspects of personality are analysed, explaining how general psychological legalities manifest themselves in each individual’s unique personality structure. The topic promotes understanding of the underlying assumptions of different personality theories, their empirical rationale and methodological limitations, developing students’ ability to critically evaluate theoretical approaches to modern personality psychology.

What is personality? What are individual differences? Why are people different? The subject of personality psychology and the psychology of individual differences. The mothic and idiographic approach. The place of individual difference psychology in psychology science. Key research traditions and central research issues of differential psychology.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the subject matter of personality psychology and individual differences psychology, key basic concepts and central research issues. Personality and individual differences as subjects of research into modern psychology science are explained, the place of personality psychology and differential psychology in psychology science is looked at, as is the motto and idiographic approach to exploring individual differences. Students acquaint themselves with the importance of empirical research and the basic principles of scientific research of personality and individual differences, forming an understanding of the importance of the scientific approach to personality psychology. The topic provides a conceptual basis for further learning of personality psychology theories, individual differences explanatory models, and personality research approaches.

Personality or situation. Heredity or environment. Stability or change. Freedom or determinism. Universal or individual.

Within the scope of the topic, students acquaint themselves with the main theoretical issues of personality psychology, which form the conceptual basis of different personality theories and different approaches in explaining individual differences. Scientific discussions on the relative role of personality and situation in interpreting human behaviour, the contribution of heredity and environment to personality formation processes, personality stability and changes over life, and the role of free will and determinism in interpreting human behaviour are discussed. At the same time, the universal and individual aspects of personality are analysed, explaining how general psychological legalities manifest themselves in each individual’s unique personality structure. The topic promotes understanding of the underlying assumptions of different personality theories, their empirical rationale and methodological limitations, developing students’ ability to critically evaluate theoretical approaches to modern personality psychology.

Temperament as the biological basis of personality. Temperament and personality. Dimensions of temperament.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the concept of temperament and its meaning in the psychology of individual differences and personality development. Temperament is looked at as the biological basis of personality, manifested in individual differences in emotional reactivity, self-regulation and behavioral tendencies early in development. Key temperament theories and temperance dimension models are analyzed, explaining the relationship of temperament to personality development and personality traits. Particular attention is paid to the importance of temperament in adaptation and explaining individual differences over life. The topic promotes understanding of temperament as one of the central biological foundations of personality and provides a theoretical basis for further learning of personality biological foundations, personality traits and personality development processes.

Temperament as the biological basis of personality. Temperament and personality. Dimensions of temperament.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the concept of temperament and its meaning in the psychology of individual differences and personality development. Temperament is looked at as the biological basis of personality, manifested in individual differences in emotional reactivity, self-regulation and behavioral tendencies early in development. Key temperament theories and temperance dimension models are analyzed, explaining the relationship of temperament to personality development and personality traits. Particular attention is paid to the importance of temperament in adaptation and explaining individual differences over life. The topic promotes understanding of temperament as one of the central biological foundations of personality and provides a theoretical basis for further learning of personality biological foundations, personality traits and personality development processes.

How individual differences form. Genetics. Neuroscience. Personality development.

Subtopics: twin studies; heritability; gene-environmental interaction; evolutionary approach; interaction between biological and environmental factors in shaping individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the biological and genetic basics of personality and individual differences by analysing evidence from contemporary studies on the contribution of heredity and the environment to personality development. Twin and adoption studies, the concept of heritability, gene-environment interactions, and the contribution of evolutionary psychology and personality neuroscience to explaining individual differences are all under consideration. Students become acquainted with the interaction of biological and environmental factors in personality development and individual differences, while evaluating the possibilities and limitations for interpretation of biological explanations. The topic raises awareness of personality as a result of interaction between biological, psychological and environmental factors, highlighting the importance of biopsychosocial approaches in explaining individual differences.

How individual differences form. Genetics. Neuroscience. Personality development.

Subtopics: twin studies; heritability; gene-environmental interaction; evolutionary approach; interaction between biological and environmental factors in shaping individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the biological and genetic basics of personality and individual differences by analysing evidence from contemporary studies on the contribution of heredity and the environment to personality development. Twin and adoption studies, the concept of heritability, gene-environment interactions, and the contribution of evolutionary psychology and personality neuroscience to explaining individual differences are all under consideration. Students become acquainted with the interaction of biological and environmental factors in personality development and individual differences, while evaluating the possibilities and limitations for interpretation of biological explanations. The topic raises awareness of personality as a result of interaction between biological, psychological and environmental factors, highlighting the importance of biopsychosocial approaches in explaining individual differences.

Temperament as the biological basis of personality. Temperament and personality. Dimensions of temperament.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the concept of temperament and its meaning in the psychology of individual differences and personality development. Temperament is looked at as the biological basis of personality, manifested in individual differences in emotional reactivity, self-regulation and behavioral tendencies early in development. Key temperament theories and temperance dimension models are analyzed, explaining the relationship of temperament to personality development and personality traits. Particular attention is paid to the importance of temperament in adaptation and explaining individual differences over life. The topic promotes understanding of temperament as one of the central biological foundations of personality and provides a theoretical basis for further learning of personality biological foundations, personality traits and personality development processes.

How individual differences form. Genetics. Neuroscience. Personality development.

Subtopics: twin studies; heritability; gene-environmental interaction; evolutionary approach; interaction between biological and environmental factors in shaping individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the biological and genetic basics of personality and individual differences by analysing evidence from contemporary studies on the contribution of heredity and the environment to personality development. Twin and adoption studies, the concept of heritability, gene-environment interactions, and the contribution of evolutionary psychology and personality neuroscience to explaining individual differences are all under consideration. Students become acquainted with the interaction of biological and environmental factors in personality development and individual differences, while evaluating the possibilities and limitations for interpretation of biological explanations. The topic raises awareness of personality as a result of interaction between biological, psychological and environmental factors, highlighting the importance of biopsychosocial approaches in explaining individual differences.

Personality as a system of relatively stable traits.

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the approach of personality traits and its importance in modern personality psychology. Classical personality trait theories are looked at by analysing the concept, structure and organisation of personality traits. Special attention is paid to the theoretical contributions of Gordon Olport, Raymond Ketel and Hans Eisenc, as well as the importance of factor analysis in empirical exploration of personality dimensions. The relative stability of personality traits, individual differences in personality traits and their role in explaining and predicting human behavior are analyzed. The topic forms a conceptual basis for further learning patterns of contemporary personality dimensions.

Personality as a system of relatively stable traits.

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the approach of personality traits and its importance in modern personality psychology. Classical personality trait theories are looked at by analysing the concept, structure and organisation of personality traits. Special attention is paid to the theoretical contributions of Gordon Olport, Raymond Ketel and Hans Eisenc, as well as the importance of factor analysis in empirical exploration of personality dimensions. The relative stability of personality traits, individual differences in personality traits and their role in explaining and predicting human behavior are analyzed. The topic forms a conceptual basis for further learning patterns of contemporary personality dimensions.

Personality as a system of relatively stable traits.

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the approach of personality traits and its importance in modern personality psychology. Classical personality trait theories are looked at by analysing the concept, structure and organisation of personality traits. Special attention is paid to the theoretical contributions of Gordon Olport, Raymond Ketel and Hans Eisenc, as well as the importance of factor analysis in empirical exploration of personality dimensions. The relative stability of personality traits, individual differences in personality traits and their role in explaining and predicting human behavior are analyzed. The topic forms a conceptual basis for further learning patterns of contemporary personality dimensions.

Today’s dominant personality model.

Subtopics: openness to experience (openness), conscientiousness (conscientiousness), extraversion (interpretation), benevolence (Agreeableness), neuroticism (Neuroticism).

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the five Factor personality Model (FFM) as one of the most empirically well-founded personality structure models in modern personality psychology. The model’s creation, theoretical basics and the content of five personality dimensions are all looked at, analysing their role in characterising individual differences, explaining and predicting human behaviour. Students become acquainted with the relationship between the dimensions of personality, their relative stability over life and their manifestations in different contexts of life. The empirical basics of the five-factor model, application in personality research and psychological evaluation, and the benefits and limitations of the model in modern personality psychology are analyzed.

Today’s dominant personality model.

Subtopics: openness to experience (openness), conscientiousness (conscientiousness), extraversion (interpretation), benevolence (Agreeableness), neuroticism (Neuroticism).

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the five Factor personality Model (FFM) as one of the most empirically well-founded personality structure models in modern personality psychology. The model’s creation, theoretical basics and the content of five personality dimensions are all looked at, analysing their role in characterising individual differences, explaining and predicting human behaviour. Students become acquainted with the relationship between the dimensions of personality, their relative stability over life and their manifestations in different contexts of life. The empirical basics of the five-factor model, application in personality research and psychological evaluation, and the benefits and limitations of the model in modern personality psychology are analyzed.

Five-factor model extension. Honesty-modesty.

As part of the theme, students become acquainted with THE HEXACO personality model as a modern model of personality dimensions. The theoretical and empirical basics of THE HEXACO model, the content of six personality dimensions and their role in explaining individual differences are all looked at. Particular attention is paid to the similarities and differences between THE HEXACO model and the five-factor personality model when analysing the contribution of both models in terms of personality, social behaviour and moral functioning. THE benefits, limitations and application of THE HEXACO model in personality research are also being analyzed. The topic raises awareness of the evolution of personality dimension models and contemporary approaches to empirical exploration of personality structure.

Five-factor model extension. Honesty-modesty.

As part of the theme, students become acquainted with THE HEXACO personality model as a modern model of personality dimensions. The theoretical and empirical basics of THE HEXACO model, the content of six personality dimensions and their role in explaining individual differences are all looked at. Particular attention is paid to the similarities and differences between THE HEXACO model and the five-factor personality model when analysing the contribution of both models in terms of personality, social behaviour and moral functioning. THE benefits, limitations and application of THE HEXACO model in personality research are also being analyzed. The topic raises awareness of the evolution of personality dimension models and contemporary approaches to empirical exploration of personality structure.

Today’s dominant personality model.

Subtopics: openness to experience (openness), conscientiousness (conscientiousness), extraversion (interpretation), benevolence (Agreeableness), neuroticism (Neuroticism).

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the five Factor personality Model (FFM) as one of the most empirically well-founded personality structure models in modern personality psychology. The model’s creation, theoretical basics and the content of five personality dimensions are all looked at, analysing their role in characterising individual differences, explaining and predicting human behaviour. Students become acquainted with the relationship between the dimensions of personality, their relative stability over life and their manifestations in different contexts of life. The empirical basics of the five-factor model, application in personality research and psychological evaluation, and the benefits and limitations of the model in modern personality psychology are analyzed.

Five-factor model extension. Honesty-modesty.

As part of the theme, students become acquainted with THE HEXACO personality model as a modern model of personality dimensions. The theoretical and empirical basics of THE HEXACO model, the content of six personality dimensions and their role in explaining individual differences are all looked at. Particular attention is paid to the similarities and differences between THE HEXACO model and the five-factor personality model when analysing the contribution of both models in terms of personality, social behaviour and moral functioning. THE benefits, limitations and application of THE HEXACO model in personality research are also being analyzed. The topic raises awareness of the evolution of personality dimension models and contemporary approaches to empirical exploration of personality structure.

The other central area of differential psychology.

Sub-themes: factor g. Fluid intelligence. Crystallised intelligence. CHC model, the place of intelligence in the system of individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students acquaint themselves with intelligence as one of the central constructs of individual differences and the main research directions of differential psychology. Key intelligence theories and models are looked at by analysing the role of the general intelligence (g factor), fluid intelligence (CHC), crystallized intelligence (crystallized intelligence) and the Katel-Horne-Carroll (Cattell-Horn-Carroll; CHC) model in explaining individual cognitive differences. Students familiarize themselves with the basic principles of intelligence development, intelligence assessment approaches, and the relationship of intelligence to personality traits and other aspects of individual differences. The topic builds understanding of intelligence as one of the key components of individual differences and its importance in today’s differential psychology.

The other central area of differential psychology.

Sub-themes: factor g. Fluid intelligence. Crystallised intelligence. CHC model, the place of intelligence in the system of individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students acquaint themselves with intelligence as one of the central constructs of individual differences and the main research directions of differential psychology. Key intelligence theories and models are looked at by analysing the role of the general intelligence (g factor), fluid intelligence (CHC), crystallized intelligence (crystallized intelligence) and the Katel-Horne-Carroll (Cattell-Horn-Carroll; CHC) model in explaining individual cognitive differences. Students familiarize themselves with the basic principles of intelligence development, intelligence assessment approaches, and the relationship of intelligence to personality traits and other aspects of individual differences. The topic builds understanding of intelligence as one of the key components of individual differences and its importance in today’s differential psychology.

Basic principles for the study and psychological evaluation of personality and individual differences.

Subtopics: personality data sources: self-assessment data, observer data, test data, and life progress data. Quality criteria for psychological measurements: reliability, validity and generalisability. Basic principles for the development of psychological measuring instruments. Personality psychology research designs: correlation, experimental and case study designs.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the basic principles of psychology research and psychological evaluation of personality and individual differences. Key sources of personality data are looked at, including self-assessment data, observer data, test data and life progress data, analysing their benefits, limitations and suitability for different research purposes. Students shall become acquainted with the quality criteria for psychological measurements, paying particular attention to the concepts of reliability, validity and generalisability, as well as the basic principles for the establishment of psychological measuring instruments. The main research designs used in personality psychology and their role in scientific research into personality and individual differences are considered. The topic builds an understanding of how scientific data is collected, evaluated and interpreted in the psychology of personality and individual differences.

Basic principles for the study and psychological evaluation of personality and individual differences.

Subtopics: personality data sources: self-assessment data, observer data, test data, and life progress data. Quality criteria for psychological measurements: reliability, validity and generalisability. Basic principles for the development of psychological measuring instruments. Personality psychology research designs: correlation, experimental and case study designs.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the basic principles of psychology research and psychological evaluation of personality and individual differences. Key sources of personality data are looked at, including self-assessment data, observer data, test data and life progress data, analysing their benefits, limitations and suitability for different research purposes. Students shall become acquainted with the quality criteria for psychological measurements, paying particular attention to the concepts of reliability, validity and generalisability, as well as the basic principles for the establishment of psychological measuring instruments. The main research designs used in personality psychology and their role in scientific research into personality and individual differences are considered. The topic builds an understanding of how scientific data is collected, evaluated and interpreted in the psychology of personality and individual differences.

The other central area of differential psychology.

Sub-themes: factor g. Fluid intelligence. Crystallised intelligence. CHC model, the place of intelligence in the system of individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students acquaint themselves with intelligence as one of the central constructs of individual differences and the main research directions of differential psychology. Key intelligence theories and models are looked at by analysing the role of the general intelligence (g factor), fluid intelligence (CHC), crystallized intelligence (crystallized intelligence) and the Katel-Horne-Carroll (Cattell-Horn-Carroll; CHC) model in explaining individual cognitive differences. Students familiarize themselves with the basic principles of intelligence development, intelligence assessment approaches, and the relationship of intelligence to personality traits and other aspects of individual differences. The topic builds understanding of intelligence as one of the key components of individual differences and its importance in today’s differential psychology.

Basic principles for the study and psychological evaluation of personality and individual differences.

Subtopics: personality data sources: self-assessment data, observer data, test data, and life progress data. Quality criteria for psychological measurements: reliability, validity and generalisability. Basic principles for the development of psychological measuring instruments. Personality psychology research designs: correlation, experimental and case study designs.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the basic principles of psychology research and psychological evaluation of personality and individual differences. Key sources of personality data are looked at, including self-assessment data, observer data, test data and life progress data, analysing their benefits, limitations and suitability for different research purposes. Students shall become acquainted with the quality criteria for psychological measurements, paying particular attention to the concepts of reliability, validity and generalisability, as well as the basic principles for the establishment of psychological measuring instruments. The main research designs used in personality psychology and their role in scientific research into personality and individual differences are considered. The topic builds an understanding of how scientific data is collected, evaluated and interpreted in the psychology of personality and individual differences.

Personality as an interaction between person and situation. Sub-themes: self-efficiency. Self-regulation. Social learning.

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the socially cognitive approach to personality, looking at personality as a result of the interaction between person and situation. The basic principles of social learning theory, the role of self-efficacy, self-regulation and cognitive processes in explaining human behavior and individual differences, are being looked at. Students familiarize themselves with the concept of interacting with personality and situation, explaining how an individual’s cognitive processes, beliefs, goals and social experiences affect behavior in different contexts of life. The topic promotes awareness of personality as a dynamic system in which individual differences are formed in the interaction between biological, psychological and social environmental factors.

Personality as an interaction between person and situation. Sub-themes: self-efficiency. Self-regulation. Social learning.

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the socially cognitive approach to personality, looking at personality as a result of the interaction between person and situation. The basic principles of social learning theory, the role of self-efficacy, self-regulation and cognitive processes in explaining human behavior and individual differences, are being looked at. Students familiarize themselves with the concept of interacting with personality and situation, explaining how an individual’s cognitive processes, beliefs, goals and social experiences affect behavior in different contexts of life. The topic promotes awareness of personality as a dynamic system in which individual differences are formed in the interaction between biological, psychological and social environmental factors.

Personality dimensions and psychological functioning. Sub-themes: differences in cultures. Maladaptive features. Modern conceptualization approaches to personality disorders.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the importance of personality dimensions in psychological functioning, looking at the relationship of personality to culture, psychological adaptation and psychopathology. Cultural implications for personality expressions and individual differences, as well as contemporary approaches to conceptualising maladaptive personality traits and personality disorders, are being looked at. Students acquaint themselves with a dimensional approach within the meaning of personality disorders and the continuity of personality between typical and maladaptive functioning. The theme promotes awareness of personality as a multi-dimensional construct whose manifestations are influenced by biological, psychological, social and cultural factors.

Personality dimensions and psychological functioning. Sub-themes: differences in cultures. Maladaptive features. Modern conceptualization approaches to personality disorders.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the importance of personality dimensions in psychological functioning, looking at the relationship of personality to culture, psychological adaptation and psychopathology. Cultural implications for personality expressions and individual differences, as well as contemporary approaches to conceptualising maladaptive personality traits and personality disorders, are being looked at. Students acquaint themselves with a dimensional approach within the meaning of personality disorders and the continuity of personality between typical and maladaptive functioning. The theme promotes awareness of personality as a multi-dimensional construct whose manifestations are influenced by biological, psychological, social and cultural factors.

Personality as an interaction between person and situation. Sub-themes: self-efficiency. Self-regulation. Social learning.

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the socially cognitive approach to personality, looking at personality as a result of the interaction between person and situation. The basic principles of social learning theory, the role of self-efficacy, self-regulation and cognitive processes in explaining human behavior and individual differences, are being looked at. Students familiarize themselves with the concept of interacting with personality and situation, explaining how an individual’s cognitive processes, beliefs, goals and social experiences affect behavior in different contexts of life. The topic promotes awareness of personality as a dynamic system in which individual differences are formed in the interaction between biological, psychological and social environmental factors.

Personality dimensions and psychological functioning. Sub-themes: differences in cultures. Maladaptive features. Modern conceptualization approaches to personality disorders.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the importance of personality dimensions in psychological functioning, looking at the relationship of personality to culture, psychological adaptation and psychopathology. Cultural implications for personality expressions and individual differences, as well as contemporary approaches to conceptualising maladaptive personality traits and personality disorders, are being looked at. Students acquaint themselves with a dimensional approach within the meaning of personality disorders and the continuity of personality between typical and maladaptive functioning. The theme promotes awareness of personality as a multi-dimensional construct whose manifestations are influenced by biological, psychological, social and cultural factors.

Today’s integrative view. Personality as a biopsychosocial adaptation system. Sub-themes: The evolution of personality over life. Personality change. Identity. Adaptation. The interplay of temperament, personality, intellect and environment in explaining individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students integrate the knowledge of personality and individual differences acquired in the course, looking at personality as a dynamic biopsychosocial adaptation system. Personality development and changes over life, identity formation, adaptation processes and interaction between temperament, personality traits, intelligence, biological and environmental factors are all looked at. Students develop a common understanding of personality as a multidimensional system that continuously develops interactions with the environment. The topic promotes an integrated understanding of personality and individual differences in the biopsychosocial perspective.

Today’s integrative view. Personality as a biopsychosocial adaptation system. Sub-themes: The evolution of personality over life. Personality change. Identity. Adaptation. The interplay of temperament, personality, intellect and environment in explaining individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students integrate the knowledge of personality and individual differences acquired in the course, looking at personality as a dynamic biopsychosocial adaptation system. Personality development and changes over life, identity formation, adaptation processes and interaction between temperament, personality traits, intelligence, biological and environmental factors are all looked at. Students develop a common understanding of personality as a multidimensional system that continuously develops interactions with the environment. The topic promotes an integrated understanding of personality and individual differences in the biopsychosocial perspective.

Today’s integrative view. Personality as a biopsychosocial adaptation system. Sub-themes: The evolution of personality over life. Personality change. Identity. Adaptation. The interplay of temperament, personality, intellect and environment in explaining individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students integrate the knowledge of personality and individual differences acquired in the course, looking at personality as a dynamic biopsychosocial adaptation system. Personality development and changes over life, identity formation, adaptation processes and interaction between temperament, personality traits, intelligence, biological and environmental factors are all looked at. Students develop a common understanding of personality as a multidimensional system that continuously develops interactions with the environment. The topic promotes an integrated understanding of personality and individual differences in the biopsychosocial perspective.

Today’s integrative view. Personality as a biopsychosocial adaptation system. Sub-themes: The evolution of personality over life. Personality change. Identity. Adaptation. The interplay of temperament, personality, intellect and environment in explaining individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students integrate the knowledge of personality and individual differences acquired in the course, looking at personality as a dynamic biopsychosocial adaptation system. Personality development and changes over life, identity formation, adaptation processes and interaction between temperament, personality traits, intelligence, biological and environmental factors are all looked at. Students develop a common understanding of personality as a multidimensional system that continuously develops interactions with the environment. The topic promotes an integrated understanding of personality and individual differences in the biopsychosocial perspective.

What is personality? What are individual differences? Why are people different? The subject of personality psychology and the psychology of individual differences. The mothic and idiographic approach. The place of individual difference psychology in psychology science. Key research traditions and central research issues of differential psychology.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the subject matter of personality psychology and individual differences psychology, key basic concepts and central research issues. Personality and individual differences as subjects of research into modern psychology science are explained, the place of personality psychology and differential psychology in psychology science is looked at, as is the motto and idiographic approach to exploring individual differences. Students acquaint themselves with the importance of empirical research and the basic principles of scientific research of personality and individual differences, forming an understanding of the importance of the scientific approach to personality psychology. The topic provides a conceptual basis for further learning of personality psychology theories, individual differences explanatory models, and personality research approaches.

Personality or situation. Heredity or environment. Stability or change. Freedom or determinism. Universal or individual.

Within the scope of the topic, students acquaint themselves with the main theoretical issues of personality psychology, which form the conceptual basis of different personality theories and different approaches in explaining individual differences. Scientific discussions on the relative role of personality and situation in interpreting human behaviour, the contribution of heredity and environment to personality formation processes, personality stability and changes over life, and the role of free will and determinism in interpreting human behaviour are discussed. At the same time, the universal and individual aspects of personality are analysed, explaining how general psychological legalities manifest themselves in each individual’s unique personality structure. The topic promotes understanding of the underlying assumptions of different personality theories, their empirical rationale and methodological limitations, developing students’ ability to critically evaluate theoretical approaches to modern personality psychology.

What is personality? What are individual differences? Why are people different? The subject of personality psychology and the psychology of individual differences. The mothic and idiographic approach. The place of individual difference psychology in psychology science. Key research traditions and central research issues of differential psychology.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the subject matter of personality psychology and individual differences psychology, key basic concepts and central research issues. Personality and individual differences as subjects of research into modern psychology science are explained, the place of personality psychology and differential psychology in psychology science is looked at, as is the motto and idiographic approach to exploring individual differences. Students acquaint themselves with the importance of empirical research and the basic principles of scientific research of personality and individual differences, forming an understanding of the importance of the scientific approach to personality psychology. The topic provides a conceptual basis for further learning of personality psychology theories, individual differences explanatory models, and personality research approaches.

Personality or situation. Heredity or environment. Stability or change. Freedom or determinism. Universal or individual.

Within the scope of the topic, students acquaint themselves with the main theoretical issues of personality psychology, which form the conceptual basis of different personality theories and different approaches in explaining individual differences. Scientific discussions on the relative role of personality and situation in interpreting human behaviour, the contribution of heredity and environment to personality formation processes, personality stability and changes over life, and the role of free will and determinism in interpreting human behaviour are discussed. At the same time, the universal and individual aspects of personality are analysed, explaining how general psychological legalities manifest themselves in each individual’s unique personality structure. The topic promotes understanding of the underlying assumptions of different personality theories, their empirical rationale and methodological limitations, developing students’ ability to critically evaluate theoretical approaches to modern personality psychology.

Temperament as the biological basis of personality. Temperament and personality. Dimensions of temperament.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the concept of temperament and its meaning in the psychology of individual differences and personality development. Temperament is looked at as the biological basis of personality, manifested in individual differences in emotional reactivity, self-regulation and behavioral tendencies early in development. Key temperament theories and temperance dimension models are analyzed, explaining the relationship of temperament to personality development and personality traits. Particular attention is paid to the importance of temperament in adaptation and explaining individual differences over life. The topic promotes understanding of temperament as one of the central biological foundations of personality and provides a theoretical basis for further learning of personality biological foundations, personality traits and personality development processes.

How individual differences form. Genetics. Neuroscience. Personality development.

Subtopics: twin studies; heritability; gene-environmental interaction; evolutionary approach; interaction between biological and environmental factors in shaping individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the biological and genetic basics of personality and individual differences by analysing evidence from contemporary studies on the contribution of heredity and the environment to personality development. Twin and adoption studies, the concept of heritability, gene-environment interactions, and the contribution of evolutionary psychology and personality neuroscience to explaining individual differences are all under consideration. Students become acquainted with the interaction of biological and environmental factors in personality development and individual differences, while evaluating the possibilities and limitations for interpretation of biological explanations. The topic raises awareness of personality as a result of interaction between biological, psychological and environmental factors, highlighting the importance of biopsychosocial approaches in explaining individual differences.

Temperament as the biological basis of personality. Temperament and personality. Dimensions of temperament.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the concept of temperament and its meaning in the psychology of individual differences and personality development. Temperament is looked at as the biological basis of personality, manifested in individual differences in emotional reactivity, self-regulation and behavioral tendencies early in development. Key temperament theories and temperance dimension models are analyzed, explaining the relationship of temperament to personality development and personality traits. Particular attention is paid to the importance of temperament in adaptation and explaining individual differences over life. The topic promotes understanding of temperament as one of the central biological foundations of personality and provides a theoretical basis for further learning of personality biological foundations, personality traits and personality development processes.

How individual differences form. Genetics. Neuroscience. Personality development.

Subtopics: twin studies; heritability; gene-environmental interaction; evolutionary approach; interaction between biological and environmental factors in shaping individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the biological and genetic basics of personality and individual differences by analysing evidence from contemporary studies on the contribution of heredity and the environment to personality development. Twin and adoption studies, the concept of heritability, gene-environment interactions, and the contribution of evolutionary psychology and personality neuroscience to explaining individual differences are all under consideration. Students become acquainted with the interaction of biological and environmental factors in personality development and individual differences, while evaluating the possibilities and limitations for interpretation of biological explanations. The topic raises awareness of personality as a result of interaction between biological, psychological and environmental factors, highlighting the importance of biopsychosocial approaches in explaining individual differences.

Personality as a system of relatively stable traits.

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the approach of personality traits and its importance in modern personality psychology. Classical personality trait theories are looked at by analysing the concept, structure and organisation of personality traits. Special attention is paid to the theoretical contributions of Gordon Olport, Raymond Ketel and Hans Eisenc, as well as the importance of factor analysis in empirical exploration of personality dimensions. The relative stability of personality traits, individual differences in personality traits and their role in explaining and predicting human behavior are analyzed. The topic forms a conceptual basis for further learning patterns of contemporary personality dimensions.

Personality as a system of relatively stable traits.

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the approach of personality traits and its importance in modern personality psychology. Classical personality trait theories are looked at by analysing the concept, structure and organisation of personality traits. Special attention is paid to the theoretical contributions of Gordon Olport, Raymond Ketel and Hans Eisenc, as well as the importance of factor analysis in empirical exploration of personality dimensions. The relative stability of personality traits, individual differences in personality traits and their role in explaining and predicting human behavior are analyzed. The topic forms a conceptual basis for further learning patterns of contemporary personality dimensions.

Today’s dominant personality model.

Subtopics: openness to experience (openness), conscientiousness (conscientiousness), extraversion (interpretation), benevolence (Agreeableness), neuroticism (Neuroticism).

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the five Factor personality Model (FFM) as one of the most empirically well-founded personality structure models in modern personality psychology. The model’s creation, theoretical basics and the content of five personality dimensions are all looked at, analysing their role in characterising individual differences, explaining and predicting human behaviour. Students become acquainted with the relationship between the dimensions of personality, their relative stability over life and their manifestations in different contexts of life. The empirical basics of the five-factor model, application in personality research and psychological evaluation, and the benefits and limitations of the model in modern personality psychology are analyzed.

Five-factor model extension. Honesty-modesty.

As part of the theme, students become acquainted with THE HEXACO personality model as a modern model of personality dimensions. The theoretical and empirical basics of THE HEXACO model, the content of six personality dimensions and their role in explaining individual differences are all looked at. Particular attention is paid to the similarities and differences between THE HEXACO model and the five-factor personality model when analysing the contribution of both models in terms of personality, social behaviour and moral functioning. THE benefits, limitations and application of THE HEXACO model in personality research are also being analyzed. The topic raises awareness of the evolution of personality dimension models and contemporary approaches to empirical exploration of personality structure.

Today’s dominant personality model.

Subtopics: openness to experience (openness), conscientiousness (conscientiousness), extraversion (interpretation), benevolence (Agreeableness), neuroticism (Neuroticism).

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the five Factor personality Model (FFM) as one of the most empirically well-founded personality structure models in modern personality psychology. The model’s creation, theoretical basics and the content of five personality dimensions are all looked at, analysing their role in characterising individual differences, explaining and predicting human behaviour. Students become acquainted with the relationship between the dimensions of personality, their relative stability over life and their manifestations in different contexts of life. The empirical basics of the five-factor model, application in personality research and psychological evaluation, and the benefits and limitations of the model in modern personality psychology are analyzed.

Five-factor model extension. Honesty-modesty.

As part of the theme, students become acquainted with THE HEXACO personality model as a modern model of personality dimensions. The theoretical and empirical basics of THE HEXACO model, the content of six personality dimensions and their role in explaining individual differences are all looked at. Particular attention is paid to the similarities and differences between THE HEXACO model and the five-factor personality model when analysing the contribution of both models in terms of personality, social behaviour and moral functioning. THE benefits, limitations and application of THE HEXACO model in personality research are also being analyzed. The topic raises awareness of the evolution of personality dimension models and contemporary approaches to empirical exploration of personality structure.

The other central area of differential psychology.

Sub-themes: factor g. Fluid intelligence. Crystallised intelligence. CHC model, the place of intelligence in the system of individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students acquaint themselves with intelligence as one of the central constructs of individual differences and the main research directions of differential psychology. Key intelligence theories and models are looked at by analysing the role of the general intelligence (g factor), fluid intelligence (CHC), crystallized intelligence (crystallized intelligence) and the Katel-Horne-Carroll (Cattell-Horn-Carroll; CHC) model in explaining individual cognitive differences. Students familiarize themselves with the basic principles of intelligence development, intelligence assessment approaches, and the relationship of intelligence to personality traits and other aspects of individual differences. The topic builds understanding of intelligence as one of the key components of individual differences and its importance in today’s differential psychology.

Basic principles for the study and psychological evaluation of personality and individual differences.

Subtopics: personality data sources: self-assessment data, observer data, test data, and life progress data. Quality criteria for psychological measurements: reliability, validity and generalisability. Basic principles for the development of psychological measuring instruments. Personality psychology research designs: correlation, experimental and case study designs.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the basic principles of psychology research and psychological evaluation of personality and individual differences. Key sources of personality data are looked at, including self-assessment data, observer data, test data and life progress data, analysing their benefits, limitations and suitability for different research purposes. Students shall become acquainted with the quality criteria for psychological measurements, paying particular attention to the concepts of reliability, validity and generalisability, as well as the basic principles for the establishment of psychological measuring instruments. The main research designs used in personality psychology and their role in scientific research into personality and individual differences are considered. The topic builds an understanding of how scientific data is collected, evaluated and interpreted in the psychology of personality and individual differences.

The other central area of differential psychology.

Sub-themes: factor g. Fluid intelligence. Crystallised intelligence. CHC model, the place of intelligence in the system of individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students acquaint themselves with intelligence as one of the central constructs of individual differences and the main research directions of differential psychology. Key intelligence theories and models are looked at by analysing the role of the general intelligence (g factor), fluid intelligence (CHC), crystallized intelligence (crystallized intelligence) and the Katel-Horne-Carroll (Cattell-Horn-Carroll; CHC) model in explaining individual cognitive differences. Students familiarize themselves with the basic principles of intelligence development, intelligence assessment approaches, and the relationship of intelligence to personality traits and other aspects of individual differences. The topic builds understanding of intelligence as one of the key components of individual differences and its importance in today’s differential psychology.

Basic principles for the study and psychological evaluation of personality and individual differences.

Subtopics: personality data sources: self-assessment data, observer data, test data, and life progress data. Quality criteria for psychological measurements: reliability, validity and generalisability. Basic principles for the development of psychological measuring instruments. Personality psychology research designs: correlation, experimental and case study designs.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the basic principles of psychology research and psychological evaluation of personality and individual differences. Key sources of personality data are looked at, including self-assessment data, observer data, test data and life progress data, analysing their benefits, limitations and suitability for different research purposes. Students shall become acquainted with the quality criteria for psychological measurements, paying particular attention to the concepts of reliability, validity and generalisability, as well as the basic principles for the establishment of psychological measuring instruments. The main research designs used in personality psychology and their role in scientific research into personality and individual differences are considered. The topic builds an understanding of how scientific data is collected, evaluated and interpreted in the psychology of personality and individual differences.

Personality as an interaction between person and situation. Sub-themes: self-efficiency. Self-regulation. Social learning.

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the socially cognitive approach to personality, looking at personality as a result of the interaction between person and situation. The basic principles of social learning theory, the role of self-efficacy, self-regulation and cognitive processes in explaining human behavior and individual differences, are being looked at. Students familiarize themselves with the concept of interacting with personality and situation, explaining how an individual’s cognitive processes, beliefs, goals and social experiences affect behavior in different contexts of life. The topic promotes awareness of personality as a dynamic system in which individual differences are formed in the interaction between biological, psychological and social environmental factors.

Personality dimensions and psychological functioning. Sub-themes: differences in cultures. Maladaptive features. Modern conceptualization approaches to personality disorders.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the importance of personality dimensions in psychological functioning, looking at the relationship of personality to culture, psychological adaptation and psychopathology. Cultural implications for personality expressions and individual differences, as well as contemporary approaches to conceptualising maladaptive personality traits and personality disorders, are being looked at. Students acquaint themselves with a dimensional approach within the meaning of personality disorders and the continuity of personality between typical and maladaptive functioning. The theme promotes awareness of personality as a multi-dimensional construct whose manifestations are influenced by biological, psychological, social and cultural factors.

Personality as an interaction between person and situation. Sub-themes: self-efficiency. Self-regulation. Social learning.

As part of the topic, students become acquainted with the socially cognitive approach to personality, looking at personality as a result of the interaction between person and situation. The basic principles of social learning theory, the role of self-efficacy, self-regulation and cognitive processes in explaining human behavior and individual differences, are being looked at. Students familiarize themselves with the concept of interacting with personality and situation, explaining how an individual’s cognitive processes, beliefs, goals and social experiences affect behavior in different contexts of life. The topic promotes awareness of personality as a dynamic system in which individual differences are formed in the interaction between biological, psychological and social environmental factors.

Personality dimensions and psychological functioning. Sub-themes: differences in cultures. Maladaptive features. Modern conceptualization approaches to personality disorders.

Within the scope of the topic, students become acquainted with the importance of personality dimensions in psychological functioning, looking at the relationship of personality to culture, psychological adaptation and psychopathology. Cultural implications for personality expressions and individual differences, as well as contemporary approaches to conceptualising maladaptive personality traits and personality disorders, are being looked at. Students acquaint themselves with a dimensional approach within the meaning of personality disorders and the continuity of personality between typical and maladaptive functioning. The theme promotes awareness of personality as a multi-dimensional construct whose manifestations are influenced by biological, psychological, social and cultural factors.

Today’s integrative view. Personality as a biopsychosocial adaptation system. Sub-themes: The evolution of personality over life. Personality change. Identity. Adaptation. The interplay of temperament, personality, intellect and environment in explaining individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students integrate the knowledge of personality and individual differences acquired in the course, looking at personality as a dynamic biopsychosocial adaptation system. Personality development and changes over life, identity formation, adaptation processes and interaction between temperament, personality traits, intelligence, biological and environmental factors are all looked at. Students develop a common understanding of personality as a multidimensional system that continuously develops interactions with the environment. The topic promotes an integrated understanding of personality and individual differences in the biopsychosocial perspective.

Today’s integrative view. Personality as a biopsychosocial adaptation system. Sub-themes: The evolution of personality over life. Personality change. Identity. Adaptation. The interplay of temperament, personality, intellect and environment in explaining individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students integrate the knowledge of personality and individual differences acquired in the course, looking at personality as a dynamic biopsychosocial adaptation system. Personality development and changes over life, identity formation, adaptation processes and interaction between temperament, personality traits, intelligence, biological and environmental factors are all looked at. Students develop a common understanding of personality as a multidimensional system that continuously develops interactions with the environment. The topic promotes an integrated understanding of personality and individual differences in the biopsychosocial perspective.

Today’s integrative view. Personality as a biopsychosocial adaptation system. Sub-themes: The evolution of personality over life. Personality change. Identity. Adaptation. The interplay of temperament, personality, intellect and environment in explaining individual differences.

Within the scope of the topic, students integrate the knowledge of personality and individual differences acquired in the course, looking at personality as a dynamic biopsychosocial adaptation system. Personality development and changes over life, identity formation, adaptation processes and interaction between temperament, personality traits, intelligence, biological and environmental factors are all looked at. Students develop a common understanding of personality as a multidimensional system that continuously develops interactions with the environment. The topic promotes an integrated understanding of personality and individual differences in the biopsychosocial perspective.