International Sports Law
Study Course Implementer
LSPA, Brīvības gatve 333, Riga, LV-1006
About Study Course
Objective
Promote an in-depth understanding of the application of international and European Union law in sport by developing the capacity to analyse the rights and obligations of athletes and sports organisations, identify legal risks and formulate legally sound solutions to the challenges of sports law, while strengthening the understanding of the integrity and ethics of sports governance.
Preliminary Knowledge
Knowledge of ethics.
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge
1.In-depth knowledge of the application of international and EU law in sport; understanding competition law, freedom of movement and labour law in the sports sector; knowledge of the protection of athletes’ fundamental rights and human rights mechanisms; understanding of the functioning of CAS and international case law; knowledge of the legal framework for protecting the integrity of sport (doping, manipulation, corruption, violence).
Role and limitations of lex Sportiva in the sports legal system: comparative analysis with national law • Essay-type questions in which students provide analytical answers based on the content of lectures, literature and tasks of independent work. • Policy Memorandum “EU competition Law in Sport” • Analysis of infringements of competition law in the sports sector: study of practical examples
Skills
1.Able to analyse and interpret jurisprudence in the field of sports law; identify and legally justify violations of competition, labour and human rights in sport; prepare legal opinions and proposals for resolving sports disputes; assess the functioning of sports organisations from a legal and ethical perspective; compare the approaches of different national and international institutions in sports law.
Policy Memorandum “EU competition Law in Sport” • Essay-type questions in which students provide analytical answers based on the content of lectures, literature and tasks of independent work. • Trafficking in human beings and discrimination in sport: analysis of legal challenges and defence strategies • Human rights of athletes - case law review, recommendations
Competences
1.Able to independently analyse and assess the problem of sports rights in an international and EU context; integrate theoretical knowledge with analysis of practical examples by formulating reasoned legal solutions; justifiably defend the fundamental rights of athletes and assess the conduct of sports organisations in terms of legal liability and integrity; develop preventive solutions to mitigate the legal risks of sport management.
Human rights of athletes - case law review, recommendations • Trafficking in human beings and discrimination in sport: analysis of legal challenges and defence strategies • Essay-type questions in which students provide analytical answers based on the content of lectures, literature and tasks of independent work. • Role and limitations of lex Sportiva in the sports legal system: comparative analysis with national law • Analysis of infringements of competition law in the sports sector: study of practical examples
Assessment
Individual work
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Title
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% from total grade
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Grade
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|---|---|---|
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1.
Role and limitations of lex Sportiva in the sports legal system: comparative analysis with national law |
10.00% from total grade
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10 points
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Students prepare a presentation in which they analyze and explain the nature of the Lex Sportiva concept and its boundaries in the autonomy of sports rights. The presentation should cover: Lex Sportiva sources (CAS decisions, Olympic Charter, WADA Code, etc.) and their legal force. Relations and conflicts between the provisions of Lex Sportiva and national legal systems, including the principle of sovereignty. Lex Sportiva’s role in resolving sports disputes and the autonomy of sports organizations. Practical examples where Lex Sportiva has supplemented or encountered national legislation. Recommendations or proposals for the development of Lex Sportiva and its practical future use. |
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2.
Policy Memorandum “EU competition Law in Sport” |
10.00% from total grade
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10 points
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p. 2-3 Memorandum on alleged violation of Article 101/102 in a particular sporting situation; conclusions and recommendations. Legal logic and verifiability; consistency of market analysis; interpretation of judgments; assessment of proportionality/less restrictive means; clear conclusion and recommendations. |
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3.
Analysis of infringements of competition law in the sports sector: study of practical examples |
10.00% from total grade
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10 points
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Students choose or are assigned a specific case where a competition law violation has been detected or discussed in the sports industry (e.g., monopoly practices, market restraint, unethical behavior by clubs or athletes, sanctions from sports organizations or public bodies). The task should include:
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4.
Trafficking in human beings and discrimination in sport: analysis of legal challenges and defence strategies |
10.00% from total grade
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10 points
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Students should develop a presentation assessing the problems of trafficking in human beings and discrimination in the sports sector, focusing in particular on:
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5.
Human rights of athletes - case law review, recommendations |
10.00% from total grade
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10 points
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2-3 pp. comparative summary of short cases (e.g. Mutu & Pechstein, Sun Yang) + 1 pp recommendations for Federation (Fair trial). Understanding human rights principles; correct interpretation of practices; validity and feasibility of recommendations. |
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Examination
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Title
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% from total grade
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Grade
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|---|---|---|
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1.
Essay-type questions in which students provide analytical answers based on the content of lectures, literature and tasks of independent work. |
50.00% from total grade
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10 points
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Assess students’ ability to deeply understand the various aspects of sports law, analyze legal challenges, interpret norms and apply theoretical knowledge to practical contexts in the sports sector. |
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Study Course Theme Plan
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Lecture
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Lex Sportiva: limits on the autonomy of sports law and links to national law
Description
Lecture presents students with an overview of the foundations of international regulation. The principle of sovereignty of independent countries is being considered, as is the mechanism for entering into legally binding treaties between independent countries. In this general context, attention is drawn to the ability of international sports organisations to develop an autonomous legal system (“lex Sportiva”) in the sports world, in particular through CAS (Court of Sport Arbitration in Lausanne) and federation rules (Olympic Charter, WADA Code, etc.). Purpose of the lecture: to understand the boundaries and opportunities of Lex Sportiva as a global sports legal system. |
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Lecture
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Competition law in sport: restrictions imposed by EU law
Description
In this lecture, students will learn about the application of competition law in sport by analysing how the activities of sports organisations may conflict with the competition rules of the European Union. The relevant judgments and investigations of the EU courts will be dealt with in the context of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. How to balance the specific characteristics of sports organisations with functioning market conditions while respecting the rights of athletes and consumers will be discussed. Lecture purpose: Develop the ability of students to analyse the regulation of European Union competition law in the context of sport, identify potential infringements of competition law in the activities of sports organisations, as well as understand and assess the means to prevent such infringements. |
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Lecture
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Competition law in sport: practical examples of its impact
Description
This lecture is dedicated to the practical application of competition law in real-life situations in sport. Topics that will be addressed include, among other things, mechanisms used by sports governing bodies to control the right to participate in sport and the exercise of their monopoly rights to restrict the commercial activities of sports players. Lecture purpose: develop students’ ability to recognise sports situations that may prove problematic from the point of view of competition law, as well as possible legal consequences and solutions to such problems. |
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Lecture
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Free movement in professional sport: the Bosman case and the challenges of today in the European Union
Description
In this lecture, students will study the application of the fundamental rights of the European Union in professional sport, paying particular attention to the right to free movement. The important Bosman case (1995), which significantly changed the rules on player transfers between EU member states, will be analysed. The lecture will also look at modern challenges, including FIFA’s transfer system and the compatibility of athletes’ employment contracts and restrictions on them with EU law. The discussion will examine recent CJEU judgments and their impact on the legal framework of sport. Lecture purpose: The purpose of the lecture is to help students understand how EU rights - particularly the principles of free movement - apply in professional sport, set potential limits and analyse how these legal solutions affect athletes’ rights, the functioning of the sports market and the rules of sports organisations. |
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Lecture
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Employment relationship with clubs (athletes, coaches)
Description
This lecture is dedicated to protecting the human rights and labour rights of athletes and coaches in professional sport, with a particular focus on the nature of the legal relationship between athletes/coaches and sports clubs. It will examine whether this relationship should be treated as an employment contract or a civil contract and how it affects the legal protection of athletes in a national and EU legal context. Topical issues such as forced transfer rules, contractual restrictions on athletes, unilateral termination of employment contracts and dispute resolution mechanisms will be addressed. Cases such as Messi v FC Barcelona or the impact OF FIFA RSTP rules on transfers and contracts WILL also be analysed. Purpose of the lecture: to deepen students’ understanding of the legal status of athletes and coaches - as an employee or independent professional, self-employed or individual merchant. Analyse the protection of athletes’ rights and interests in working relationships with sports clubs and develop skills to identify legal risks, analyse contractual relationships and apply relevant international, European and national laws to the resolution of sports disputes. |
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Class/Seminar
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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|---|---|---|
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Employment relationship with clubs (athletes, coaches)
Description
This lecture is dedicated to protecting the human rights and labour rights of athletes and coaches in professional sport, with a particular focus on the nature of the legal relationship between athletes/coaches and sports clubs. It will examine whether this relationship should be treated as an employment contract or a civil contract and how it affects the legal protection of athletes in a national and EU legal context. Topical issues such as forced transfer rules, contractual restrictions on athletes, unilateral termination of employment contracts and dispute resolution mechanisms will be addressed. Cases such as Messi v FC Barcelona or the impact OF FIFA RSTP rules on transfers and contracts WILL also be analysed. Purpose of the lecture: to deepen students’ understanding of the legal status of athletes and coaches - as an employee or independent professional, self-employed or individual merchant. Analyse the protection of athletes’ rights and interests in working relationships with sports clubs and develop skills to identify legal risks, analyse contractual relationships and apply relevant international, European and national laws to the resolution of sports disputes. |
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Lecture
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Dispute resolution in the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS): process and costs
Description
This lecture gives students practical insight into the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) dispute resolution procedure. The stages from the filing of the application for a dispute to the final ruling will be examined in detail, including time limits, the structure of the proceedings, the rights and obligations of the parties, and the requirements for filing documents. The cost of the case, the role of lawyers, pro bono assistance options and appeal options will be analysed. Lecture purpose: the purpose of the lecture is to provide students with a practical understanding of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) litigation mechanism by developing skills in assessing procedural deadlines, determining litigation costs and understanding of opportunities and different legal strategies in the field of sports law. |
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Class/Seminar
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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|---|---|---|
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Dispute resolution in the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS): process and costs
Description
This lecture gives students practical insight into the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) dispute resolution procedure. The stages from the filing of the application for a dispute to the final ruling will be examined in detail, including time limits, the structure of the proceedings, the rights and obligations of the parties, and the requirements for filing documents. The cost of the case, the role of lawyers, pro bono assistance options and appeal options will be analysed. Lecture purpose: the purpose of the lecture is to provide students with a practical understanding of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) litigation mechanism by developing skills in assessing procedural deadlines, determining litigation costs and understanding of opportunities and different legal strategies in the field of sports law. |
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Lecture
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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|---|---|---|
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Athletes’ right to a fair trial and other human rights of athletes - Court of Justice of the European Union v CAS
Description
This lecture analyses the application of the fundamental rights of athletes enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) - in particular the right to a fair trial, access to justice, effective participation in a trial, a reasonable time trial, equality of arms, legal certainty and the presumption of innocence - to sporting organisations and disciplinary bodies. The interplay between sports laws and universal human rights will be looked at, with particular focus on issues such as automatic presumption of guilt in anti-doping cases, limited access to independent courts, CAS’s status as a quasi-judicial body and restrictions on appeal options. Recent cases such as Sun Yang v WADA, Ekşioğlu and Mosturoğlu v Turkey, Muta and Pechstein v Switzerland will be heard to identify systemic failings that undermine the fundamental rights of athletes. Lecture purpose: To develop students’ understanding of the importance of the fundamental rights of athletes in the disciplinary process of sport, the ability to identify violations of the right to a fair trial and the presumption of innocence, and to analyse and evaluate the possibilities for protecting those rights at national and international level. |
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Class/Seminar
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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|---|---|---|
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Athletes’ right to a fair trial and other human rights of athletes - Court of Justice of the European Union v CAS
Description
This lecture analyses the application of the fundamental rights of athletes enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) - in particular the right to a fair trial, access to justice, effective participation in a trial, a reasonable time trial, equality of arms, legal certainty and the presumption of innocence - to sporting organisations and disciplinary bodies. The interplay between sports laws and universal human rights will be looked at, with particular focus on issues such as automatic presumption of guilt in anti-doping cases, limited access to independent courts, CAS’s status as a quasi-judicial body and restrictions on appeal options. Recent cases such as Sun Yang v WADA, Ekşioğlu and Mosturoğlu v Turkey, Muta and Pechstein v Switzerland will be heard to identify systemic failings that undermine the fundamental rights of athletes. Lecture purpose: To develop students’ understanding of the importance of the fundamental rights of athletes in the disciplinary process of sport, the ability to identify violations of the right to a fair trial and the presumption of innocence, and to analyse and evaluate the possibilities for protecting those rights at national and international level. |
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Lecture
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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|---|---|---|
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Trafficking in human beings and discrimination in sport: legal challenges and practical safeguards
Description
: This lecture analyses the manifestations of trafficking and discrimination in sport, with a particular focus on athlete exploitation, cracking schemes, forced transfers, racial, gender, sexual orientation, gender and religious affiliation discrimination. There will be a look at cases where underage non-EU athletes, using sport as “bait,” are recruited for forced labour or left without legal and social protection. The lecture will also analyse national and international laws and regulations, including UN and EU regulation, as well as the responsibility and preventive measures of sports organisations. Recent problems such as the failure to prevent racist incidents in professional football, as well as the debate over the rights of transgender athletes, will also be looked at. The purpose of the lecture is to develop students’ ability to identify signs of trafficking and discrimination in the sporting environment, to understand the legal and ethical risks involved, and to familiarise themselves with effective strategies to address these violations. |
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Class/Seminar
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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|---|---|---|
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Trafficking in human beings and discrimination in sport: legal challenges and practical safeguards
Description
: This lecture analyses the manifestations of trafficking and discrimination in sport, with a particular focus on athlete exploitation, cracking schemes, forced transfers, racial, gender, sexual orientation, gender and religious affiliation discrimination. There will be a look at cases where underage non-EU athletes, using sport as “bait,” are recruited for forced labour or left without legal and social protection. The lecture will also analyse national and international laws and regulations, including UN and EU regulation, as well as the responsibility and preventive measures of sports organisations. Recent problems such as the failure to prevent racist incidents in professional football, as well as the debate over the rights of transgender athletes, will also be looked at. The purpose of the lecture is to develop students’ ability to identify signs of trafficking and discrimination in the sporting environment, to understand the legal and ethical risks involved, and to familiarise themselves with effective strategies to address these violations. |
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Lecture
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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|---|---|---|
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Sports governance legal challenges: tackling integrity breaches
Description
In this lecture, students will analyse major breaches of sports integrity, their causes and the impact on the sports system. Will be looked at - doping: examples of a state-backed doping system, such as Russia’s state-sponsored doping scandal, match-fixing (match-fixing): examples from different sports analysing organised crime and its impact on the integrity of sport. Corruption at the helm of sport: a study into the FIFA and IIHF scandals that exposes deep systemic problems at the helm of sports organisations. Sport violence: The physical, psychological and sexual forms of violence, their prevalence and impact on athletes’ well-being have been looked at. Purpose of the lecture: to develop students’ ability to identify and analyse various violations of the integrity of sport, to understand their causes and consequences, and to develop proposals to prevent them. |
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Class/Seminar
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Modality
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Location
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Contact hours
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|---|---|---|
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On site
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Study room
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2
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Topics
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Sports governance legal challenges: tackling integrity breaches
Description
In this lecture, students will analyse major breaches of sports integrity, their causes and the impact on the sports system. Will be looked at - doping: examples of a state-backed doping system, such as Russia’s state-sponsored doping scandal, match-fixing (match-fixing): examples from different sports analysing organised crime and its impact on the integrity of sport. Corruption at the helm of sport: a study into the FIFA and IIHF scandals that exposes deep systemic problems at the helm of sports organisations. Sport violence: The physical, psychological and sexual forms of violence, their prevalence and impact on athletes’ well-being have been looked at. Purpose of the lecture: to develop students’ ability to identify and analyse various violations of the integrity of sport, to understand their causes and consequences, and to develop proposals to prevent them. |
Bibliography
Required Reading
Marina Kameņecka-Usova, Karina Zālcmane (2023). Sporta tiesības. Aktuālās problēmas, izaicinājumi un jaunākās tendences.
Parrish, R. and Cattaneo, A. (2020) Sports Law in the European Union. Kluwer Law InternationalSuitable for English stream
Additional Reading
European Parliament. (2017). Good governance in sport (EPRS Briefing No. 595904).Suitable for English stream
Costa, S., Silva, A. J., Dias, T., Marinho, D. A., Batalha, N. M., Roque, R., Afonso, C., Aminova, M., & Ferraz, R. (2025). Integrity and transparency in sports: A survey review. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 18, e1875399X353976.Suitable for English stream
Philippou, C., & Hines, T. (2021). Anti-bribery and corruption policies in international sports governing bodies. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living.Suitable for English stream
Duval, A. (2022). Lost in translation? The European Convention on Human Rights at the Court of Arbitration for Sport. International Sports Law Journal, 22, 132–151Suitable for English stream
Court of Justice of the European Union. (2023, December 21). Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) in Case C-124/21 P – International Skating Union v European Commission (Press Release No. 202/23).Suitable for English stream
Duval, A. (2024). The International Skating Union ruling of the CJEU and the future of CAS arbitration in transnational sports governance. International Sports Law Journal, 23, 467–474.Suitable for English stream
Shinohara, T. (2024). Human rights in sports arbitration: What should the CAS do for protecting human rights in sports? Liverpool Law Review, 45(2), 185–207.Suitable for English stream
Duval, A., & Van Rompuy, B. (Eds.). (2016). The Legacy of Bosman: Revisiting the relationship between EU law and sport. Springer.Suitable for English stream