Paediatrics

1.1. Has knowledge and understanding of the following: - normal anatomy and physiology in children, - stages of child development: newborn, infant, toddler, child of preschool age, younger school age, older school age, - psychological specifics in each age group. 2. Understands the specifics of paediatric examination and orients therein: - newborn, infant care, - assessment of the child’s growth and development, - emotional and behavioural specifics, problems in childhood. 3. Has knowledge and understanding of the specifics of physical and mental development: - prematurely born child, child after birth trauma, underweight and overweight children, - development of movement skills, speech development, preparation for school, - disabled child. 4. Has knowledge and understanding of the main threats to a child’s life and health: - injuries: accidents, drowning, child abuse, domestic violence, - malignant tumours, - congenital anomalies of the cardiovascular system, - infectious diseases. 5. Has knowledge and understanding of preventive work and parent education, consulting on rehabilitation issues: - consulting on breastfeeding, - education and consulting on child feeding, - vaccination and other disease prevention methods, - consulting on the child’s learning load, - consulting a disabled child and their family members on the rehabilitation process. 6. Has the ability to demonstrate in-depth understanding and knowledge of specific paediatric health issues: - upper respiratory tract infections: pharyngitis, rhinitis, otitis media, - pneumonia, - infectious diseases: flu, intestinal infections, chicken pox, measles, rubella, epidemic parotitis, scarlet fever, borreliosis, yersiniosis, - laryngitis, - allergic reactions, - children’s cerebral palsy, - enuresis, - anaemias, - tumours, - genetic syndromes, - acute abdominal pain, appendicitis. 7. Is able to demonstrate in-depth knowledge of child care (assessment of growth and development, breastfeeding, feeding, vaccination, first aid, contact with parents, taking anamnesis). Adolescent health care. 1. Has the ability to demonstrate characteristic in-depth and extended knowledge and understanding of the anatomy and physiology of normal pubertal age: - psychological specifics in each of the periods of puberty: sexuality, behaviour, feelings, family relationships. 2. Has knowledge of the specifics of adolescent examination: - anamnesis, objective examination, screening tests and interpretation thereof, - physical abilities, assessment thereof, - diagnosis of injuries, overload, training-related problems, - adolescent health check-up in schools. 3. Has in-depth knowledge of the specifics of physical development: - tall or short stature, - precocious puberty, - late puberty, - late menarche, - irregular periods. 4. Has knowledge and understanding of the main threats to adolescent life and health: - accidents, drowning, - suicides, - murders, - disadaptation of the cardiovascular system. 5. Can explain the importance of preventive work and demonstrates understanding and knowledge of educational measures: - prevention of risky behaviour, - prevention of sports injuries, - consulting on proper eating habits, - knowledge of adolescent consulting methods (contraception issues; addictions – smoking, alcohol, drugs). 6. Has in-depth knowledge of specific adolescent problems: - respiratory infections, pharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, - infectious diseases: flu, sexually transmitted diseases, - urinary tract infections, - tuberculosis, - allergic reactions, - orthopaedic problems: scoliosis, Osgood-Schlatter disease, - reproductive system problems: gynecomastia, mastopathy, genetic problems (Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome), - skin problems: acne, urticaria, contact dermatitis, Pityriasis rosea, - chronic diseases: asthma, diabetes, epilepsy, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, Reiter’s disease, ulcerative colitis, - psychological problems: depression, death of a parent/friend, school phobia, suicides, - enuresis, encopresis, - addictions: alcohol, nicotine, drugs, - sexual problems: identity, understanding one’s body, masturbation, contraception, sexually transmitted diseases, - pregnancy, abortion, - social problems: unemployment, homeless people, vagrancy, - family and adolescent relationships.

1.Paediatric examination: - technique for examination of newborns, infants, toddlers, children of preschool age, younger school age, older school age, - primary care of a newborn, - assessment of growth and development, - consultation on breastfeeding, breastfeeding technique, - vaccination technique, immunisation, - tuberculin skin tests, - first aid in life-threatening situations (choking, drowning, burns, injuries), - establishing contact with parents, collecting anamnesis, - basic knowledge of rehabilitation methods. Skills for work with adolescents: - specific consulting skills, establishing contact, - objective examination (gynaecological, andrological), assessment of sexual readiness, - confidentiality, - knowledge of legislative acts regarding adolescence, - the ability to consult on contraception, sexual behaviour, addictions (alcohol, nicotine, drugs). To demonstrate in-depth or extended knowledge and understanding of diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms, prevention of diseases in children of any age. • knowledge of newborn care (skin, navel, eye hygiene), • assessment of the physical and mental development of the newborn, child, • suction of secretions from the upper respiratory tract, • assessment of the functions of the main organ systems, • examination methodology for the newborn, • screening tests, • provision of natural feeding, use of adapted formulas, tube feeding (technique, formulas), • diagnostic methods (laboratory, bacteriological, neurosonography, CT, sonoscopy – indications, finding), • neonatal pharmacology, • prevention of infections in the newborn. • to independently apply theory, methods and problem-solving skills to perform medical or research activities, or highly qualified professional functions • to independently formulate and critically analyse complex scientific and professional problems • to justify decisions and, if necessary, perform additional analysis to integrate knowledge from different fields • to contribute to the creation of new knowledge, the development of research or professional activity methods, • to demonstrate understanding and ethical responsibility for the possible impact of scientific results or professional activity on the environment and society, • skills to independently advance the development of one’s competence and specialisation, • to perform work, do research or continue education in complex and unpredictable conditions and to transform them using new approaches, if required.

1.Able to independently formulate and critically analyse complicated scientific and professional problems. The knowledge and skills of a family doctor are manifested in six key competences: 1. Organisation/management of primary health care, 2. Person-centred care, 3. Specific problem solving skills, 4. A comprehensive approach to problem solving, 5. Community-oriented health care, 6. A holistic approach. The acquired competences allow to justify decisions, to perform additional analysis if necessary: - Able to explain the impact of environmental changes on the incidence of diseases in the population, to understand the application of preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic methods in this aspect. - Able to assess patient complaints, their connection to the patient’s state of health. Has a broad understanding of diseases and risk factors thereof, the most common diseases in the population, care in case of chronic diseases, diseases that cause disability, and conditions that require emergency care. - Has an understanding of the use of preventive and diagnostic manipulations in primary health care, which covers practically all specialties (i.e. paediatrics, gynaecology, surgery, otolaryngology, dermatovenerology, ophthalmology, neurology, psychiatry, cardiology). - Ability to provide treatment to the patient at the level of primary care, organise rehabilitation if necessary. - Understanding of diagnostic possibilities at the primary and secondary level of health care, the possibilities of referring the patient to a specialist doctor if necessary. - Ability to organise and conduct consultations on issues related to the organisation of health care, especially in matters related to maternal and child health care, family planning. - Understanding of public health issues. - Ability to understand the importance of a positive doctor-patient relationship, to teach the patient to understand their complaints, to learn to live with them. - Ability to work in a team with other members of the primary health care team and other specialists. Within the framework of the Paediatrics course, the following shall be included and learned: • Emergency medical assistance; • Direct access paediatrics; • General paediatrics; • Infections.