Pre-School and School Sports Didactic
Study Course Implementer
LSPA, Brīvības gatve 333, Riga, LV-1006
About Study Course
Objective
To improve the knowledge, skills and professional competences of students necessary to plan, organise, implement and evaluate the learning process in the field of learning “Health and physical activity” at different stages of education based on educational standards, principles of sports pedagogy and didactic, as well as taking into account aspects of individual development, health promotion and safety of pupils.
Preliminary Knowledge
Students need basic knowledge in sports science and pedagogy acquired in previous study courses, including:
- understanding the basic principles for the development of physical activity and physical characteristics;
- basic knowledge of human movement physiology and biomechanics;
- understanding the basic principles of pedagogy and sports didactics;
- understanding of the planning and organisation of the training process in sports classes;
- basic skills in demonstrating and conducting physical exercises.
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge
1.Describes the objectives, content and organisation of the learning area “Health and physical activity” in accordance with educational standards.
Exam • Essay “Lesson of Sport and Health”
2.Explains the importance of physical activity in the physical development, health and learning process of pupils.
Essay “Lesson of Sport and Health” • Exam • Health-promoting exercises
3.Describes the structure of the sports and health lesson, the principles of load planning and the specific characteristics of the student age stage in the organisation of physical activities.
Exam • Thought card - “Sport and Health hour” of the year • Teacher portfolio - for practice
4.Explains the principles of assessment and safety of pupils’ learning performance during sports and health lessons
Exam
Skills
1.Plans a learning process in the field of learning “Health and physical activity”, formulating the results to be achieved, developing a curriculum, thematic plan and an lessons plan for sport and health in accordance with educational standards and the characteristics of the student age stage.
Specific Class Sport and Health Programme and Thematic Plan • Sports and Health class Conspectus • Exam • Thought card - “Sport and Health hour” of the year • Teacher portfolio - for practice
2.Organise and manage physical activities during sports and health lessons, planning physical loads and selecting appropriate forms of work.
Translational skill Task Video • Sports and Health class Conspectus • Health-promoting exercises • Development of exercises for the development of physical properties • Circle training
3.Develop criteria for assessing pupils’ learning performance during sports and health lessons.
Development of valuation examples • Exam • Teacher portfolio - for practice
4.Uses digital tools and AI solutions for building, analyzing, and presenting learning materials.
Teacher portfolio - for practice • Translational skill Task Video
Competences
1.Evaluate pupils’ learning performance during sports and health lessons using appropriate assessment criteria.
Circle training • Development of valuation examples • Exam • Teacher portfolio - for practice
2.Analyse the organisation of the sports and health training process and evaluate their professional activities in pedagogical practice.
Teacher portfolio - for practice • Exam • Sports and Health class Conspectus • Specific Class Sport and Health Programme and Thematic Plan • Translational skill Task Video
3.Cooperate with the couriers in the development of training materials and documents, ensuring an equivalent contribution to the achievement of the joint work result.
Translational skill Task Video • Development of valuation examples • Development of exercises for the development of physical properties • Specific Class Sport and Health Programme and Thematic Plan
4.Be able to identify safety hazards and risks in different environments and situations during the sports hour, take preventive safety measures by selecting the most appropriate problem-solving strategies.
Exam • Circle training • Teacher portfolio - for practice
Assessment
Individual work
|
Title
|
% from total grade
|
Grade
|
|---|---|---|
|
1.
Essay “Lesson of Sport and Health” |
2.00% from total grade
|
Test
|
|
The student shall prepare a reasoned essay in which he or she shall answer the student to the question: “Why should I come to school/sports and health class?” the essay analyzes the role of a sports and health lesson in a student’s physical development, health and learning process, based on theoretical knowledge and educational standards. Work is credited if:
Assessment criteria
Detailed evaluation rubric is available in the e-learning environment. |
||
|
2.
Specific Class Sport and Health Programme and Thematic Plan |
5.00% from total grade
|
Test
|
|
Students in groups shall develop a programme of the study area “Health and physical activity” for a particular class on the basis of the State basic Education Standard (Cabinet No. 747) and the General secondary Education Standard (Cabinet No. 416), as well as establish a thematic plan for one semester in the selected class. Work is credited if:
Assessment criteria
Detailed evaluation rubric is available in the e-learning environment. |
||
|
3.
Thought card - “Sport and Health hour” of the year |
3.00% from total grade
|
Test
|
|
The student individually develops a visual material – a thought card or reminder – in which the main components of a sports and health lesson are structured: objectives, tasks, content, means, rolling skills, health and safety aspects. Work is credited if:
Evaluation criteria
Detailed evaluation rubric is available in the e-learning environment. |
||
|
4.
Sports and Health class Conspectus |
5.00% from total grade
|
Test
|
|
On an individual basis, on the basis of the programme and thematic plan of the particular class, the student shall draw up a contemplation of the hour of sport and health, including the tasks, content and theoretical justification of the parts of the hour (physiological, psychological, pedagogical, translational aspects of skills). Work is credited if:
Assessment criteria
Detailed evaluation rubric is available in the e-learning environment. |
||
|
5.
Health-promoting exercises |
3.00% from total grade
|
Test
|
|
Students in pairs develop and present a set of health-promoting exercises (7 exercises) for different age stages, justifying the choice of exercises from a physiology and biomechanics perspective. Work is credited if:
Assessment criteria
Detailed evaluation rubric is available in the e-learning environment. |
||
|
6.
Translational skill Task Video |
5.00% from total grade
|
Test
|
|
Students in groups (3-4 people) shall create video material demonstrating physical activity tasks with an emphasis on promoting translational skills in an hour of sport and health based on the achievable results of the particular level of education. Work is credited if:
Evaluation criteria
Detailed evaluation rubric is available in the e-learning environment. |
||
|
7.
Development of exercises for the development of physical properties |
3.00% from total grade
|
Test
|
|
Students in pairs develop and present three exercises to develop one physical characteristic with a specific form of expression for grades 7, 9 and 12. Work shall be credited if:
Assessment criteria
Detailed evaluation rubric is available in the e-learning environment. |
||
|
8.
Circle training |
4.00% from total grade
|
Test
|
|
Students in groups of 3 shall develop an interactive circle training with a specific objective and specific age, as well as establish control exercises for the determination and evaluation of individual physical readiness. Work is credited if:
Assessment criteria
Detailed evaluation rubric is available in the e-learning environment. |
||
|
9.
Development of valuation examples |
5.00% from total grade
|
Test
|
|
Students in groups develop examples of evaluation of student performance for a particular class and specific skills, as well as create self-assessment maps for assessment of the study course “pre-school and school sports didactic”. Work is credited if:
Criteria for evaluation
Detailed evaluation rubric is available in the e-learning environment. |
||
|
10.
Teacher portfolio - for practice |
15.00% from total grade
|
Test
|
|
Students shall individually establish a professional portfolio of the teacher in which materials developed during the study course and practical implementation steps for commencement of pedagogical activity in practice are compiled. Work is credited if:
Evaluation criteria
Detailed evaluation rubric is available in the e-learning environment. |
||
Examination
|
Title
|
% from total grade
|
Grade
|
|---|---|---|
|
1.
Exam |
50.00% from total grade
|
10 points
|
|
A written face-to-face examination of theoretical, methodological and research content acquired in the course. In the examination, students shall draw up a sports and health lesson report according to the drawn parameters: class, result attainable to students, translational skill and example of formal evaluation. Students justify the choice of part of an hour and exercise from a physiological, psychological and pedagogical point of view. An examination shall be credited if:
The assessment criteria
Detailed assessment criteria are available in the e-study environment and in the exam instruction. |
||
Study Course Theme Plan
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Nature of sports education
Description
Introductory lesson. Characterisation of competence. Sports teacher and sports coach – the common and different. Video footage. Value education in the context of sports education. The mission of a sports teacher. Didactic contractual (contract). |
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Nature of sports education
Description
Introductory lesson. Characterisation of competence. Sports teacher and sports coach – the common and different. Video footage. Value education in the context of sports education. The mission of a sports teacher. Didactic contractual (contract). |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
The essence of Sports and Health hour
Description
Planning and implementation of the training process. Primary school (Class 4-12) objectives, tasks, content, means (exercises), teaching and learning methods, organisation techniques. Rolling competencies. Standard content. Creativity in a sports lesson. Components of a creative sports lesson. Creativity as a personality attribute of an educator. Evaluation of a creative hour. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
-
|
2
|
Topics
|
Physical activity during sports and health class
Description
Presentation and mutual evaluation of lesson plans. Presentation and mutual evaluation of exercises. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Age peculiarities during sports and health hours
Description
Sensitive periods and development of physical characteristics at different stages of age |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Changing the basic principles of assessment in the view of normative and humane pedagogy
Description
Application of regulatory and critical evaluation in the field of training in the field of health and physical activity at primary school. Rating functions. Summary and formative evaluation. Rating systems. Assessment of learning performance and growth of the learner. Assessment of the student’s performance and growth according to clearly defined assessment criteria and according to the individual learning outcomes to be achieved. |
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Theoretical justification of the need for physical activity in primary and secondary school.
Description
The impact of physical activity on thinking and creativity, self-actualized learning and digital literacy. |
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Theoretical justification of the need for physical activity in primary and secondary school.
Description
The impact of physical activity on thinking and creativity, self-actualized learning and digital literacy. |
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
A creative sports and health lesson in the context of self-guided learning
Description
Creativity as a contributing factor to the development of a student’s personality. Presentation and mutual evaluation of a creative hour. |
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
A creative sports and health lesson in the context of self-guided learning
Description
Creativity as a contributing factor to the development of a student’s personality. Presentation and mutual evaluation of a creative hour. |
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Quality and timing of the learning process during the sports and health class
Description
Presentation and mutual evaluation of lesson plans. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Quality and timing of the learning process during the sports and health class
Description
Presentation and mutual evaluation of lesson plans. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
-
|
2
|
Topics
|
Quality and timing of the learning process during the sports and health class
Description
Presentation and mutual evaluation of lesson plans. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Quality and timing of the learning process during the sports and health class
Description
Presentation and mutual evaluation of lesson plans. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
-
|
2
|
Topics
|
Load per hour of sport and health
Description
Building a pulse curve in a sports lesson. Training of a circle during an hour of sport (methods, to promote physical characteristics). Creating a student’s individual physical readiness plan. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Load per hour of sport and health
Description
Building a pulse curve in a sports lesson. Training of a circle during an hour of sport (methods, to promote physical characteristics). Creating a student’s individual physical readiness plan. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Load per hour of sport and health
Description
Building a pulse curve in a sports lesson. Training of a circle during an hour of sport (methods, to promote physical characteristics). Creating a student’s individual physical readiness plan. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
sports and health class at primary school
Description
Primary school (classes 4-9) goals, tasks, content, means (exercises), teaching and learning methods, organisation techniques. Rolling competencies. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
sports and health class at primary school
Description
Primary school (classes 4-9) goals, tasks, content, means (exercises), teaching and learning methods, organisation techniques. Rolling competencies. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study trip
|
2
|
Topics
|
sports and health class at primary school
Description
Primary school (classes 4-9) goals, tasks, content, means (exercises), teaching and learning methods, organisation techniques. Rolling competencies. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Sports and Health class High School
Description
Secondary school (classes 10-12) goals, tasks, content, means (exercises), teaching and learning methods, organisation techniques. Rolling competencies. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Sports and Health class High School
Description
Secondary school (classes 10-12) goals, tasks, content, means (exercises), teaching and learning methods, organisation techniques. Rolling competencies. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study trip
|
2
|
Topics
|
Sports and Health class High School
Description
Secondary school (classes 10-12) goals, tasks, content, means (exercises), teaching and learning methods, organisation techniques. Rolling competencies. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Pedagogical psychological aspects of assessment in the context of a pupil’s personality.
Description
Creating student performance scoring content in primary and secondary school. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Pedagogical psychological aspects of assessment in the context of a pupil’s personality.
Description
Creating student performance scoring content in primary and secondary school. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Pedagogical psychological aspects of assessment in the context of a pupil’s personality.
Description
Creating student performance scoring content in primary and secondary school. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Pedagogical psychological aspects of assessment in the context of a pupil’s personality.
Description
Creating student performance scoring content in primary and secondary school. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Safety during sports and health class.
Description
Security during sports hours. Safety behavioural skills. Interdisciplinary link health, physical activity and safety. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Safety during sports and health class.
Description
Security during sports hours. Safety behavioural skills. Interdisciplinary link health, physical activity and safety. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Safety during sports and health class.
Description
Security during sports hours. Safety behavioural skills. Interdisciplinary link health, physical activity and safety. |
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Nature of sports education
Description
Introductory lesson. Characterisation of competence. Sports teacher and sports coach – the common and different. Video footage. Value education in the context of sports education. The mission of a sports teacher. Didactic contractual (contract). |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
The essence of Sports and Health hour
Description
Planning and implementation of the training process. Primary school (Class 4-12) objectives, tasks, content, means (exercises), teaching and learning methods, organisation techniques. Rolling competencies. Standard content. Creativity in a sports lesson. Components of a creative sports lesson. Creativity as a personality attribute of an educator. Evaluation of a creative hour. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Physical activity during sports and health class
Description
Presentation and mutual evaluation of lesson plans. Presentation and mutual evaluation of exercises. |
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Age peculiarities during sports and health hours
Description
Sensitive periods and development of physical characteristics at different stages of age |
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Changing the basic principles of assessment in the view of normative and humane pedagogy
Description
Application of regulatory and critical evaluation in the field of training in the field of health and physical activity at primary school. Rating functions. Summary and formative evaluation. Rating systems. Assessment of learning performance and growth of the learner. Assessment of the student’s performance and growth according to clearly defined assessment criteria and according to the individual learning outcomes to be achieved. |
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Theoretical justification of the need for physical activity in primary and secondary school.
Description
The impact of physical activity on thinking and creativity, self-actualized learning and digital literacy. |
-
Lecture
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
A creative sports and health lesson in the context of self-guided learning
Description
Creativity as a contributing factor to the development of a student’s personality. Presentation and mutual evaluation of a creative hour. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Quality and timing of the learning process during the sports and health class
Description
Presentation and mutual evaluation of lesson plans. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Load per hour of sport and health
Description
Building a pulse curve in a sports lesson. Training of a circle during an hour of sport (methods, to promote physical characteristics). Creating a student’s individual physical readiness plan. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
sports and health class at primary school
Description
Primary school (classes 4-9) goals, tasks, content, means (exercises), teaching and learning methods, organisation techniques. Rolling competencies. |
|
Sports and Health class High School
Description
Secondary school (classes 10-12) goals, tasks, content, means (exercises), teaching and learning methods, organisation techniques. Rolling competencies. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Pedagogical psychological aspects of assessment in the context of a pupil’s personality.
Description
Creating student performance scoring content in primary and secondary school. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Pedagogical psychological aspects of assessment in the context of a pupil’s personality.
Description
Creating student performance scoring content in primary and secondary school. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Safety during sports and health class.
Description
Security during sports hours. Safety behavioural skills. Interdisciplinary link health, physical activity and safety. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Safety during sports and health class.
Description
Security during sports hours. Safety behavioural skills. Interdisciplinary link health, physical activity and safety. |
-
Class/Seminar
|
Modality
|
Location
|
Contact hours
|
|---|---|---|
|
On site
|
Study room
|
2
|
Topics
|
Safety during sports and health class.
Description
Security during sports hours. Safety behavioural skills. Interdisciplinary link health, physical activity and safety. |
Bibliography
Required Reading
Jansone, R., Fernāte, A., & Bula-Biteniece, I. (2016). Sporta pedagoģija: vakar šodien rīt. Rīga, RaKa, 567lpp.
Onofre, M., Costa, J., Martins, J., Quitério, A., Farias, C., & Mesquita, I. (2023). Portuguese research on physical education and sport didactics—a critical discussion. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 5, 1172815.
Đukić, V. (2023). The significance of the game in the didactic-methodical basedness of physical education lessons. Physical education and sport through the centuries, 10(2), 32-39.
Perla, L., Amati, I., Agrati, L. S., & Ascione, A. (2023, July). Technologies, Sports and Motor Activities for an Inclusive School. In International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 342-355). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.
Caracuel-Cáliz, R. F., Ubago-Jiménez, J. L., Alonso-Vargas, J. M., & Melguizo-Ibáñez, E. (2025). Impact of Active Methodologies Involving Physical Activity on Primary School Students: A Systematic Review (2018–2024). Sports, 13(10), 358.
Grecic, D., et al. (2024). The epistemic judgement framework: a reflexive tool for teacher professional development to support Quality Physical Education. Frontiers in Education.
Treschman, P., et al. (2025). Activating students in feedback and assessment processes in physical education... Sport, Education and Society.
Konukman, F. (2025). Using Artificial Intelligence in Teaching Health and Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance.
Strazdiņa, N., & Kļaviņa, A. (2024). Teachers’ opinion on the use of digital technologies in physical education for students with special education needs in Latvia. European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 17, 147-147. https://doi.org/10.5507/euj.2024.007
Additional Reading
Jeong, H. C., & So, W. Y. (2020). Difficulties of online physical education classes in middle and high school and an efficient operation plan to address them. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(19), 7279.
Yu, J. E. (2022). Exploration of educational possibilities by four metaverse types in physical education. Technologies, 10(5), 104.
Zhan, X., Clark, C. C., Bao, R., Duncan, M., Hong, J. T., & Chen, S. T. (2021). Association between physical education classes and physical activity among 187,386 adolescents aged 13–17 years from 50 lowand middle-income countries. Jornal de pediatria, 97, 571-578.
Silva, C. H. D. S., de Oliveira, B. R. R., & Martins, R. P. (2023). Athletism and the sport education model: a systematic review.
Other Information Sources
MK noteikumi Nr. 747. Noteikumi par valsts pamatizglītības standartu un pamatizglītības programmu paraugiem Rīgā, 2018. gada 27. novembrī (prot. Nr. 56 38. §)
MK Noteikumi Nr. 416 par valsts vispārējās vidējās izglītības standartu un vispārējās vidējās izglītības programmu paraugiem. Rīgā 2019. gada 3. septembrī (prot. Nr. 37 21. §)
Profesijas standarts SKOLOTĀJS. Piektais profesionālās kvalifikācijas līmenis (5.PKL) (atbilst sestajam Latvijas kvalifikāciju ietvarstruktūras līmenim ( 6. LKI)